<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212</id><updated>2012-02-16T16:29:27.071+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Tchombo!</title><subtitle type='html'>Always analysing,filtering and integrating</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>43</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-8692064355550408120</id><published>2011-11-14T08:37:00.003+04:00</published><updated>2011-11-18T09:04:10.873+04:00</updated><title type='text'>The Wealth Drainers</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;Since the 1980s, Mauritians have been brainwashed into believing that  unless governments pick "winners" to bake the national cake, no  prosperity will trickle down. To ensure the effectiveness of the  process, citizens have been summoned to bear with the retreat of  government "hands" from the marketplace and also with the loosening of  social safety nets. There have been some feelgood flashes, but now that  the dream sold to them is vanishing, citizens are waking up to a  corporate republic where the "winners" picked take all, or leave  insignificant crumbs for them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As the sirens of doldrums  crescendo to a haunting level, a multidimensional reassessment of our  development strategy becomes a matter of survival. Quick fixes and  half-baked measures have reached their moment of reckoning. So has the  pro-growth propaganda whose mainstay is the expansion of the Gross  Domestic Product (GDP) at all costs. GDP is akin to gross profit of a  business, it says little about actual (mis)allocation of resources. No  wonder behavioural economics are such a hot research topic today.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;King of Pain &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There  may not be evidence in all situations that some politicians, business  tycoons and media pundits conspire against citizens, but what is obvious  is that toxic policies are crafted under their patronage. Nor should  "trickle-down" economists go unscathed, even if for them, gratification  is more likely to come intellectually. Nonetheless, no other colour  matters more to networks of patronage than that of money. They  unwittingly expose all the symptoms of vile neoconservatism under the  garb of liberalism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As it is currently run, the economic and  political game is rigged against authentic entrepreneurs and progressive  citizens. What is shocking is not so much the cynicism with which local  or foreign oligarchs and speculators manage to tweak policies and  market conditions in their favour, but how casually the guardians of the  State enable them. The betrayal is no stranger to the growing apathy of  ordinary citizens.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is foolish to expect change to come  through the Hall of Shame that constitutes networks of patronage. Unless  a sudden scientific breakthrough makes it possible to reignite the  insular cortex - the tiny part of the brain related to the feeling of  empathy - and to adjust the dopamine regulator to a risk-taking bias.  Change will either come when the existing system collapses under the  weight of its deception, or when enlightened members of the business  world, civil society, including the media, and even the political class  back grassroot initiatives that empower Mauritians to claim back their  citizenship.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Pro-Market, Not Pro-Cronies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When  citizens do not challenge unfettered capitalism, it turns on them  dramatically. Capitalism works when it is guided by governments that are  resolutely pro-market. That is, when they strive to create a level  playing field where healthy competition and innovation thrive. The drift  starts when the relationship between government officials and  businessmen gets too intimate. Crony capitalism is indeed the main  driver of the growth strategy that inflates bubbles after bubbles, even  after they burst.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Networks of patronage could not express more  openly their ambivalence as in their zealous embrace of the Integrated  Resort Scheme (IRS), where resource depletion, market distortion and  confidence busting reign supreme. In a bid to somehow salvage the  elusive "economic democratisation" agenda, the Real Estate Scheme (RES)  followed suit to cater for property development on a smaller scale. The  "Maurice Ile Durable" project would be mere hallucination should the  levers of development stay put. Vision stems from leadership. If you  fail to develop an inclusive environment where the goals are visible and  the route to them is clear for all to see, then you are not a leader.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mauritius  is far from being a poor country. The problem is that wealth generated  collectively is being captured massively by mightily connected  businesses and governments, separately or when their interests overlap  in public procurement. The bottom line of banks and the dubious costing  of the State Trading Corporation, for example, speak volumes. As do the  success stories of the preying Aid Industry, championed by the  International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and the Consultancy  Industry, that boast of holding silver bullets capable of simplifying  the real world's complexity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Our politicians will prove their  worth when they stop sheltering behind idiocies such as "belt  tightening" and "empty coffers" and, inter alia:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-Rescue the  education system that is , simultaneously, a producer of thousands of  dropouts with a potential to be social offenders.&lt;br /&gt;-Reinvent the shabby healthcare sector.&lt;br /&gt;-Guarantee non-stop water supply nationwide.&lt;br /&gt;-Devise a long-term plan that connects the country with a value for money railway service.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Transparency, the Road Less Travelled &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Resorting  to ideology to resist messianic posturing and dissent bullying is vain.  An alternative system can only emerge through idea-rich and  ideology-free activism. Instead of managing the structures, information  flows and reward systems, our illusionary development strategy has badly  polarised the country and left an unenvious legacy of world-beater in  terms of diagnosed and undiagnosed prevalence of diabetes (and possibly  AIDS too), drug addiction, road accidents and so on. Whereas in some  areas, correction, prevention and repression will have to be  evolutionary, in others they can only be revolutionary.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The  overriding aim of political action must be to promote human  collaboration that creates the trust on which both democracy and markets  depend. A smartly trained, motivated, and informed population is our  single greatest competitive advantage to meet today’s tremendous  economic challenges. Without civic scrutiny, it is impossible to contain  clientelistic relationships, where loyalty is traded for benefits. A new lifestyle is key to stopping national and household debt spin out of control.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The following areas require urgent attention:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-Democratic  platform: A dose of proportional representation (PR) is being suggested  as a panacea to resolve our democratic deficit. But, what is the point  of enacting the PR if it has to overpopulate the Parliament? Worse, if  instead of delivering alternative voices, it turns out to be another  public relations (PR) exercise for networks of patronage. At this stage,  regulating electoral funding seems much more pressing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-Business  environment: The competition watchdog is a salutary  move to deter economic rent-seeking. Mauritius has a lot to learn from  countries like Norway, Germany and Switzerland in the way they energise small  and medium-sized businesses. Today, their nimbleness rests on the  inventiveness and vibrancy of that sector in the world market, rather  than on endemic currency depreciation. Our capital market also needs to  be less risk-averse, to say the least.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-Civic empowerment: The  implication of the Freedom of Information Act goes deeper than the  disclosure of information or records held by government bodies, it can  inhibit rogue practices too. The Equal Opportunities Act also can help  to boost citizens’ morale. Moreover, the possibility of including  class-action lawsuits must be explored to unleash consumer and  (small) shareholder activism as they permit efficient resolution of legitimate  claims of numerous parties by allowing the claims to be aggregated into a  single action against a defendant that has allegedly caused harm.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Merely  introducing new mechanisms of control, legislation and tax incentives,  however critical, will bring little relief if our institutional deficit  is not addressed.  We kid ourselves when we confuse means with end, and  vice versa. The credibility of institutions is linked to citizens'  perception of the integrity of women and men representing them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Without  strong rule of law and leadership by example, everything is wishful  thinking. The prerequisite for a green Mauritius is a clean and lean  Mauritius with discerning citizens.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-8692064355550408120?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/8692064355550408120/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2011/11/wealth-drainers.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/8692064355550408120'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/8692064355550408120'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2011/11/wealth-drainers.html' title='The Wealth Drainers'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-6621838365174310911</id><published>2011-05-11T14:37:00.160+04:00</published><updated>2011-06-01T10:28:35.947+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Is Mauritian sense of hospitality turning bitter?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="La lecture du cheminement de Maurice depuis son &amp;quot;indépendance&amp;quot; politique dépend certes des critères d'évaluation, mais aussi de l'expérience individuelle de chaque citoyen."&gt;What  has Mauritius achieved since its political "independence"? Well, it  does not only depend on the points of comparison, but also on the  experiences of each individual. The perception may differ dramatically  according to whether one, is for instance, a wretched soul from Karo  Kalyptis or a casual foreign traveller with or without Nobel blessing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="D'un point de vue strictement matériel, l'impression d'ensemble tendrait à démontrer un &amp;quot;progrès&amp;quot; symbolisé, entre autres, par des maisons plus résistantes aux cyclones et mieux équipées, des antennes paraboliques, des autoroutes, des centres commerciaux."&gt;From  a strictly material standpoint, the overall impression tends to showcase a  "progress" represented, among other things, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span title="D'un point de vue strictement matériel, l'impression d'ensemble tendrait à démontrer un &amp;quot;progrès&amp;quot; symbolisé, entre autres, par des maisons plus résistantes aux cyclones et mieux équipées, des antennes paraboliques, des autoroutes, des centres commerciaux."&gt; by better-equipped and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span title="D'un point de vue strictement matériel, l'impression d'ensemble tendrait à démontrer un &amp;quot;progrès&amp;quot; symbolisé, entre autres, par des maisons plus résistantes aux cyclones et mieux équipées, des antennes paraboliques, des autoroutes, des centres commerciaux."&gt; cyclone-proof houses, satellite dishes, highways, shopping  malls. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="En déconstruisant ce &amp;quot;devlopma&amp;quot;, une réalité nettement plus nuancée se dessine."&gt;Upon deconstructing the "&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;devlopma&lt;/span&gt;," a far more nuanced reality settles. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span title="La question fondamentale est : à quel prix ?"&gt;The critical question is: at what cost?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Dans le sillage du &amp;quot;miracle&amp;quot; des années 1980, le plein emploi, les revenus additionnels dans les ménages et une inflation relativement basse ont favorisé l'essor de revenus disponibles et une sophistication du train de vie."&gt;In   the wake of the "miracle" of the 1980s, full employment, extra  income  in households and relatively low inflation have contributed to  the  expansion of disposable income and the sophistication of lifestyle. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Les &amp;quot;besoins&amp;quot; ayant été plus accessibles, beaucoup de Mauriciens pouvaient ainsi se permettre de satisfaire leurs &amp;quot;désirs&amp;quot;, quitte à s'endetter."&gt;All of a sudden "needs" became more affordable, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span title="Les &amp;quot;besoins&amp;quot; ayant été plus accessibles, beaucoup de Mauriciens pouvaient ainsi se permettre de satisfaire leurs &amp;quot;désirs&amp;quot;, quitte à s'endetter."&gt;"wants" were accessible to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span title="Les &amp;quot;besoins&amp;quot; ayant été plus accessibles, beaucoup de Mauriciens pouvaient ainsi se permettre de satisfaire leurs &amp;quot;désirs&amp;quot;, quitte à s'endetter."&gt;many Mauritians, regardless of the magnitude of indebtedness. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Preuve que, même si elle a été éphémère, la confiance s'était installée."&gt;Proof that, even if it was short-lived, a feel good factor was in the air. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Or, c'est dans un tel cycle qu'une transformation s'avère moins pénible à mettre en place."&gt;Yet it is in such a mood that a comprehensive transformation is less painful to implement. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Hélas !"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Le fossé entre l'offre et la demande dans pratiquement tous les secteurs n'arrête pas de s'élargir depuis."&gt;The gap between supply and demand in virtually every sector has kept widening ever since &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Que ce soit en terme de quantité ou de qualité."&gt;whether in terms of quantity or quality. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Les inadéquations ont atteint un tel niveau qu'il devient légitime d'être inquiet."&gt;Today, mismatches are so glaring that it becomes legitimate to be worried. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="S'il ya une vertu qui semble être aux antipodes des caractéristiques de nos gouvernements successifs, sauf peut-être dans une moindre mesure le premier gouvernement après l'indépendance, c'est le planning."&gt;If   there is a virtue that seems at odds with the characteristics of our   successive governments, except perhaps to a lesser extent the first   government after independence, it is planning. The star features of  post-"miracle" governance &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="S'il ya une vertu qui semble être aux antipodes des caractéristiques de nos gouvernements successifs, sauf peut-être dans une moindre mesure le premier gouvernement après l'indépendance, c'est le planning."&gt;are self-indulgence and babble&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="S'il ya une vertu qui semble être aux antipodes des caractéristiques de nos gouvernements successifs, sauf peut-être dans une moindre mesure le premier gouvernement après l'indépendance, c'est le planning."&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Voici un exemple très évocateur de ce qui sépare la vision de l'hallucination : le troisième terminal opérationnel depuis peu à l'aéroport de Singapour était déjà inscrit dans le plan directeur de 1975."&gt;Here   is a very telling depiction of what distinguishes vision from  hallucination: the  third terminal operational recently at Changi  Airport in Singapore was already  enrolled in the master plan of 1975. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="A Maurice, la &amp;quot;croissance à tout prix&amp;quot; a occulté la nécessité d'anticiper l'avenir et de s'adapter aux mutations globales."&gt;In Mauritius, "growth at all costs" has blinded us from the imperative for foresight and to adapt to global change. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Pour justement entretenir cette obsession, au lieu de revoir complètement ses politiques publiques, Maurice s'est largement contentée de doper son expansion économique à travers la dépréciation de la roupie tout en bénéficiant d'accords préférentiels."&gt;To  satisfy the obsession instead of updating and synergising policies,   Mauritius has been largely confined in boosting its economic expansion   through rupee depreciation while benefiting from preferential   agreements.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Au fur et à mesure que le pays s'éloigne de l'ère du &amp;quot;miracle&amp;quot; et des bienveillances des &amp;quot;pays amis&amp;quot;, les Mauriciens, pour qui &amp;quot;besoins&amp;quot; et &amp;quot;désirs&amp;quot; sont devenus entre-temps indissociables, se retrouvent de"&gt;Gradually,   as the country shifts from the era of "miracle" and the benevolence   of "friendly countries", Mauritians, for whom "needs" and "wants" have   overlapped in the meantime, wake up to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="plus en plus dans une situation où même pour assurer le minimum vital, ils doivent &amp;quot;tracer&amp;quot;."&gt; a situation where &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span title="plus en plus dans une situation où même pour assurer le minimum vital, ils doivent &amp;quot;tracer&amp;quot;."&gt;they have to  struggle &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span title="plus en plus dans une situation où même pour assurer le minimum vital, ils doivent &amp;quot;tracer&amp;quot;."&gt;even for the minimum subsistence level. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Parce que la dépréciation persistante de la roupie, malgré quelques répits, ronge leur pouvoir d'achat, l'endettement les piège et le spectre du chômage guette."&gt;As &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Parce que la dépréciation persistante de la roupie, malgré quelques répits, ronge leur pouvoir d'achat, l'endettement les piège et le spectre du chômage guette."&gt;persistent fat cat-backed rupee depreciation - despite some anecdotal respite -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Parce que la dépréciation persistante de la roupie, malgré quelques répits, ronge leur pouvoir d'achat, l'endettement les piège et le spectre du chômage guette."&gt;  and producer capture gnaw at&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Parce que la dépréciation persistante de la roupie, malgré quelques répits, ronge leur pouvoir d'achat, l'endettement les piège et le spectre du chômage guette."&gt; their purchasing power&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Parce que la dépréciation persistante de la roupie, malgré quelques répits, ronge leur pouvoir d'achat, l'endettement les piège et le spectre du chômage guette."&gt;, they find themselves in a debt trap with the threat of unemployment  hovering over their heads. Thus,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Bref pour un bon nombre de Mauriciens, existence rime désormais avec survie."&gt; for many Mauritians,  existence is now a matter of survival.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Malheureusement, tout le monde n'a pas la même force de caractère pour s'en sortir."&gt;Unfortunately, not everyone has been endowed with the same strength of character to cope. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="En effet, si certains, victimes d'une stigmatisation bien ancrée ou prisonniers d'un manque de formation et de qualifications, sont plus vulnérables et sombrent souvent dans des fléaux sociaux, d'autres sont obligés de cumuler deux ou plusieurs emplois pour essayer de"&gt;In   fact, while some, victims of ingrained socio-cultural stigma or  prisoners of a lack of  training and qualifications, are more vulnerable  and often drown in  social ills, others are forced to combine two or  more jobs in a bid to make &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="joindre les deux bouts ou d'autres encore considèrent l'émigration comme seul espoir pour préserver un peu de dignité."&gt;ends meet or still others consider emigration as the ultimate escape from dire straits.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Aujourd'hui, c'est indéniable: l'attitude d'une bonne partie de nos ressources humaines peut frustrer même l'employeur le plus empathique."&gt;Today it is undeniable: the attitude of much of our human capital can frustrate even the most empathetic employer. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Est-ce parce que les Mauriciens ont été trop &amp;quot;assistés&amp;quot; et qu'ils sont devenus &amp;quot;paresseux&amp;quot; ?"&gt;Is it because Mauritians have become reckless "&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;assistés&lt;/span&gt;" and deliberately choose the path of least resistance? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Pourquoi alors ces jeunes Mauriciens fraîchement débarqués en Irlande, par exemple, manifestent autant d'enthousiasme ?"&gt;Why then these young Mauritians freshly landed in, say, Canada, demonstrate so much pep? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="L'économie de marché conditionne le citoyen à se comporter comme l'entrepreneur, il est plus motivé lorsqu'il anticipe un &amp;quot;retour sur investissement&amp;quot;."&gt;Like entrepreneurs, other citizens thrive on the prospect of future rewards. Mauritius-building is intimately correlated to how deeply the majority of Mauritians identify with "&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;devlopma&lt;/span&gt;".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="La morosité ambiante parasitera le système national tant que les distorsions au sein du mécanisme de redistribution de la richesse et de l'ascenseur de la mobilité sociale ne seront pas résolues."&gt;Gloom   is set to persist  until distortions in the mechanism of   redistribution of wealth and the social ladder are acknowledged and  resolved.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Dans ce contexte, ce dont Maurice n'a pas besoin, ce sont ces ruptures de forme à la sauce de ces bailleurs de fonds qui perpétuent notre dépendance et ébranlent les fondements mêmes du vivre ensemble."&gt;In   this context, what Mauritius does not need are these dogmatic  "reforms" packaged by the Aid Industry that perpetuate our reliance and  undermine the  very foundations of coexistence. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Surtout que simultanément le capitalisme de copinage, transmis par une corruption endémique, contribue à polariser dangereusement les ressources du pays."&gt;Simultaneously, crony capitalism, transmitted by endemic  corruption,  promotes a concentration of the country's resources  dangerously.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Serait-il aléatoire d'affirmer que si Maurice a accompli ce qu'elle a accompli, c'est moins à cause de ses gouvernements successifs, mais plus malgré eux ?"&gt;Would   it be presumptuous to suggest that if Mauritius has achieved whatever  it has achieved, it is less  because of its successive governments, but  more in spite of them? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Selon une récente enquête d'une organisation patronale, seulement 6% des sondés plébiscitent les &amp;quot;réformes&amp;quot; pourtant célébrées dans d'autres sphères comme des panacées."&gt;In  a survey by an employers' organisation, only 6% of respondents  praise  the "reforms" hailed by rent seekers and their apparatchiks as the gold  standard of policy-making. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Parallèlement, un des &amp;quot;facilitateurs&amp;quot; attitrés des &amp;quot;booms&amp;quot; ou des &amp;quot;crises&amp;quot; à venir soutient qu'il ne faut surtout pas taxer davantage les projets sous Integrated Resort Scheme car ce serait &amp;quot; tuer la poule aux œufs d'or&amp;quot; ."&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meanwhile,  one of the enablers of "booms" and "busts" to come  argued that &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Parallèlement, un des &amp;quot;facilitateurs&amp;quot; attitrés des &amp;quot;booms&amp;quot; ou des &amp;quot;crises&amp;quot; à venir soutient qu'il ne faut surtout pas taxer davantage les projets sous Integrated Resort Scheme car ce serait &amp;quot; tuer la poule aux œufs d'or&amp;quot; ."&gt;Integrated Resort Scheme projects&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Parallèlement, un des &amp;quot;facilitateurs&amp;quot; attitrés des &amp;quot;booms&amp;quot; ou des &amp;quot;crises&amp;quot; à venir soutient qu'il ne faut surtout pas taxer davantage les projets sous Integrated Resort Scheme car ce serait &amp;quot; tuer la poule aux œufs d'or&amp;quot; ."&gt; should not be heavily taxed  because it would "kill the goose that  lays golden eggs." To put it bluntly&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Comme quoi, &amp;quot;réduire la bureaucratie&amp;quot; peut prendre l'allure d'un défilement de tapis rouge pour les membres d'un &amp;quot;club&amp;quot; adroitement ciblés."&gt;, "reducing bureaucracy" can be tantamount to scrolling the red carpet for members of a "club" cleverly targeted. Mauritians are expected to rejoice when land grabbing by the affluent lasts indefinitely.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Et ces &amp;quot;pauvres&amp;quot;, qui ont le privilège d'un plaidoyer particulièrement cynique en leur faveur, ne correspondraient-ils pas en réalité aux 94% constitués des entreprises, et aux ménages par extension, exclus de ces réseaux et qui se contentent des miettes"&gt;What about these  "poor" who have the privilege of a particularly cynical plea? Do  they  not correspond in reality to the 94% of  businesses and households by  extension, excluded from the networks  of patronage and are content with  the crumbs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=", et encore, des &amp;quot;fruits de la réforme&amp;quot; ?"&gt; of the "fruits of the reforms"? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="La sécurité alimentaire et énergétique, la préservation de l'environnement, l'épanouissement à travers une vie culturelle dynamique et des activités de loisirs accessibles à tous ne seraient alors que des fantasmes de doux rêveurs."&gt;Food  and energy security, environmental sustainability, blooming through a  vibrant cultural scene and affordable  leisure activities   would hence  be wishful thinking.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Le déclic viendra seulement après qu'une masse critique s'émancipe des vices légués probablement par l'héritage colonial et une éducation qui gratifie la mémorisation."&gt;The  desired turnaround will remain elusive until a critical mass breaks  free of the  scourges probably bequeathed by colonisation and an  education system that glorifies the ability to  memorise. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="La tyrannie des &amp;quot;experts&amp;quot; et des imposteurs se prolongera donc aussi longtemps que dureront la culture de révérence et le manque de distance critique qui débouchent sur des postures pathétiquement partisanes et binaires."&gt;"Hero"-worship  and discernment deficit that lead to hopelessly partisan and binary  mindsets on the one hand, and the tyranny of "experts" and bogus  champions on the other, mutually reinforce each other.  Will a  partnership between the University of Mauritius and the World Bank then more likely to create robust  growth or robust groupthink?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Pour freiner la dilapidation des fonds publics, les citoyens doivent d'abord intérioriser le fait que les gouvernements ne sont que les dépositaires de leur propre argent, avant de développer le réflexe d'en réclamer systématiquement une utilisation efficiente et transparente."&gt;To   challenge the siphoning of public funds, citizens must first  internalise  the fact that governments are merely custodians of their  own money,  before they develop the reflex to relentlessly advocate  unflinching transparency. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Un autre réflexe qui demande à proliférer c'est l'exigence de &amp;quot;sanzman&amp;quot; non pas parce &amp;quot;qu'on ne sait pas ce que les étrangers vont penser de nous&amp;quot; mais parce que les gouvernements nous sont d'abord redevables."&gt;An overhaul of the legal framework of electoral funding and a  Freedom of Information Act have the potential to jointly convey probably the most effective deterrent against corruption. Another  reflex that  must sink in is the urge for "&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;sanzman&lt;/span&gt;" not  because we do not want to earn a bad name from foreigners but because  our governments are primarily accountable to us.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Sans l'activisme des contribuables, des consommateurs et des actionnaires pour réclamer leurs droits sociaux et économiques, sans, en contrepartie, un leadership capable de rallier la grande majorité des Mauriciens autour d'un véritable projet de société, Maurice ne pourra jamais offrir à"&gt;Without   the activism of taxpayers, consumers and minority shareholders to  claim their  social and economic rights, without, in return, a  leadership capable of  rallying the majority of Mauritians around a real  social project,  Mauritius will never offer &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="ses citoyens une qualité de vie proche de la Suisse, du Canada ou de la Nouvelle-Zélande."&gt;its  citizens the quality of life they actually deserve. Indian Supreme  Court judges epitomise how forces for good are bound to emerge somehow  as they take judicial activism to new heights precisely to supplement  rogue politicians.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Finalement, il importe peu que l'inspiration émane du Nord ou du Sud, de l'Ouest ou de l'Est, de la Droite ou de la Gauche."&gt;Finally, it is immaterial whether inspiration comes from North or South, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span title="Finalement, il importe peu que l'inspiration émane du Nord ou du Sud, de l'Ouest ou de l'Est, de la Droite ou de la Gauche."&gt;East or &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span title="Finalement, il importe peu que l'inspiration émane du Nord ou du Sud, de l'Ouest ou de l'Est, de la Droite ou de la Gauche."&gt;West, Left or Right. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="L'essentiel est qu'il y ait une culture de résultat, un pragmatisme néanmoins complètement dépouillé de bushisme ou de sarkozisme, mais qui &amp;quot;put people first&amp;quot; pour de vrai."&gt;The  missing link is a result-oriented outlook, a brand of pragmatism  nonetheless thoroughly  stripped of Bushism or Sarkozyism&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="L'essentiel est qu'il y ait une culture de résultat, un pragmatisme néanmoins complètement dépouillé de bushisme ou de sarkozisme, mais qui &amp;quot;put people first&amp;quot; pour de vrai."&gt;. Breeding lost generations is suicidal. Ironically,  without fresh blood at its heart the revamp of Mauritius is a  nonstarter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="La clé de la prospérité à long terme de Maurice réside dans l'intégrité de son système."&gt;The key to the well-being of Mauritius lies in the integrity of its system. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span title="Comme quoi, &amp;quot;réduire la bureaucratie&amp;quot; peut prendre l'allure d'un défilement de tapis rouge pour les membres d'un &amp;quot;club&amp;quot; adroitement ciblés."&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-6621838365174310911?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/6621838365174310911/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2011/05/is-mauritian-sense-of-hospitality.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/6621838365174310911'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/6621838365174310911'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2011/05/is-mauritian-sense-of-hospitality.html' title='Is Mauritian sense of hospitality turning bitter?'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-1976896485265326380</id><published>2011-04-21T02:45:00.006+04:00</published><updated>2011-04-26T02:13:37.180+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Mauritius (dis)empowered</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; 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 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;  mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;  mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";  mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;  mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;  mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;  mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";  mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" lang="EN-GB" &gt;Our relationship with the West smacks of neo-colonialism: it corresponds to a love-hate affair of a suitor wooing a femme fatale with a colourful past. It brushes with the ambivalent but with its own original twist. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" lang="EN-GB" &gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" lang="EN-GB" &gt;As a country of immigrants, we have yet to proclaim that Mauritius-building has reached a satisfactory level. Worse, daily encounters with fellow citizens even suggest that it is waning. The demotivation of a workforce tempted by the sirens of xenophobia and emigration is indeed a distinct symptom of inhibited people who feel more humiliated than rewarded by a system.   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" lang="EN-GB" &gt;Whereas many Americans have managed – albeit in a longer time frame and before “Bushism” hit them by storm – to overcome the same constraint, it is to a great extent because they have been groomed to challenge “conventional wisdom”. Their rule-based patriotism revolves around what their legendary architect Philip Johnson dubbed the “wow principle”, that child-like fondness of novelty.  &lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" lang="EN-GB" &gt;Alternatively, when people are educated through rote learning, their gullibility tends to be more easily exploited, less and less subtly lately, by “elites” bent on promoting the status quo through puppet “experts” and political leverage. Although this is a global trend, its degree is highlighted in a tiny country like Mauritius where resources are even more limited. The resulting asymmetries can brew devastating impulses if they are not addressed with diligence.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;In IMF and World Bank we trust &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" lang="EN-GB" &gt;Does it necessarily take the rapid cognition of Lee Kuan Yew, the maverick behind Singapore’s aura, to dismiss the consultancy of the World Bank because it “presents its findings in a bland and universalizable way that does not grapple with the real problems”? Countries choose to kowtow to their sloppy doctrine at their own risk and peril. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" lang="EN-GB" &gt;Alan Reynolds, a senior fellow with the U.S. libertarian think-tank Cato Institute, whose ethos is a far cry from the lefties with a romanticized vision of the world, surveyed the IMF track record in "Money and the Nation State". He found that “IMF requirements to raise taxes and debauch the currency had always contributed to crises, while policies that lifted countries out of crises, and even created "economic miracles", were always home grown”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" lang="EN-GB" &gt;He compared our policies in 1982 which were viscerally IMF-centric to those of 1983 when a relatively independent-minded Finance minister took office and embraced measures outside the usual IMF package that stimulated a “feelgood” economic expansion. It is a shame that the opportunity was not seized to complement our infrastructural development with a massive overhaul of our economy that would certainly have spared us the gloomy zeitgeist.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" lang="EN-GB" &gt;According to Joseph Stiglitz, a recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, who has taught at Oxford University, MIT, Stanford University, Yale University and Princeton University, “the IMF frequently consists of third-rank students from first-rate universities and has almost never succeeded in recruiting any of the best students”. Their like-minded buddies must be scrutinized too, the more so when they play a key role in the decision-making process.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" lang="EN-GB" &gt;The former Finance minister deserved a headline-grabbing accolade for experimenting a new genre where Kafka meets Don Quixote when he rapturously announced that the IMF and the World Bank would help us in the setting up of a “centre of excellence” for the training of our executives! Now the cost of the ticket for the intimidating rollercoaster ride is being forced out of our pockets. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;Herd mentality and leadership &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" lang="EN-GB" &gt;The trouble is that even our policymakers, barring a few, have outsourced their thinking. It is not that overseas know-how is not desirable. In fact it is one of the prerequisites to bandwagon as long as we pick the smartest minds within their own specialist fields because not all of them are “&lt;i&gt;éminents&lt;/i&gt;”! A session of myth busting should provide a relief.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" lang="EN-GB" &gt;No doubt an affiliation to Harvard University, LSE or McKinsey can provide the useful tools to devise a strategy. It is rather a policymaker’s ability to “block out what is irrelevant and focus on narrow slices of experience to read a complex situation” as emphasized by Malcolm Gladwell in his riveting Blink that determines whether a strategy will work or not. There is no formula for winning. If only! Affiliation, family name or more perversely skin colour are no substitutes for hard thinking and core competence to generate results.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" lang="EN-GB" &gt;Policymakers should be able to differentiate between a “destination” and a “journey”: where they ought to concentrate their energies. For instance, setting a growth rate target or any other target for that matter is essential, but what matters most is how policies implemented are going to create the necessary environment and momentum that will absorb joblessness, boost productivity and achieve real competitiveness without resorting to a junk rupee.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" lang="EN-GB" &gt;Dubai is pondering its future beyond 2025. Without a clear vision that sinks in everybody’s psyche, it is impossible to achieve anything sustainable. The job of policymakers is to measure supply and demand in relevant sectors, then benchmark the projects with yardsticks aiming at excellence and more concretely devise and implement policies that allow a flow freed from visible and invisible obstacles.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" lang="EN-GB" &gt;Adopting a common-sense approach amidst overwhelming gibberish is understandably a challenge. Still, policymakers must try to detect the links in the pattern of interaction between every stakeholder. A strategy works when the action of one stakeholder does not undermine the action of another. Market players tend to respond rationally to incentives. Our long-term prosperity depends on whether the incentives inspire risk-taking or rent-seeking.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" lang="EN-GB" &gt;We continue to wallow in a vicious circle because our successive governments have been implementing most policies in a fragmented way that fails to foster any synergy. Ultimately, success is tributary of the quality of ideas and data collected locally and worldwide and arguably the one element most elusive to our main policymakers, acumen to contextualise them with an interdisciplinary and cross-cultural approach.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size:100%;color:black;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;In order to cope with global capitalism, the laudable but hopelessly insufficient empathetic leadership of our Prime minister must also instil a no-excuses and get-it-done mindset, the mainstay of Jack Welch, the former revolutionary CEO of General Electric. What does it take to ignite the neurons of our policymakers? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-1976896485265326380?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/1976896485265326380/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2011/04/mauritius-disempowered.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/1976896485265326380'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/1976896485265326380'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2011/04/mauritius-disempowered.html' title='Mauritius (dis)empowered'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-935800110241910099</id><published>2011-03-25T13:11:00.057+04:00</published><updated>2011-03-30T15:59:04.632+04:00</updated><title type='text'>La dépréciation de la roupie parasite Maurice</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable  {mso-style-name:"Table Normal";  mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;  mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;  mso-style-noshow:yes;  mso-style-parent:"";  mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;  mso-para-margin:0in;  mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;  mso-pagination:widow-orphan;  font-size:10.0pt;  font-family:"Times New Roman";  mso-ansi-language:#0400;  mso-fareast-language:#0400;  mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;    &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;" class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;font-family:Verdana;font-size:10pt;"  lang="FR" &gt;« La stabilité des prix n'est pas tout, mais &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;" class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;font-family:Verdana;font-size:10pt;"  lang="FR" &gt;sans la stabilité des prix&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;" class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;font-family:Verdana;font-size:10pt;"  lang="FR" &gt; tout se complique » &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;font-family:Verdana;font-size:10pt;"  lang="FR" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;Otmar Emminger, ancien président de la Deutsche Bundesbank&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;font-family:Verdana;"  lang="FR"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;font-family:Verdana;"  lang="FR"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="longtext"&gt;Chaque année, dans le sillage de la présentation du budget, nous assistons&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span  lang="FR" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt; à &lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;une partie de lutte entre les représentants des employés, des employeurs et du gouvernement pour s'entendre sur un montant pour la révision des salaires. Ils se réunissaient au &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;color:black;"   lang="FR"&gt;National Pay Council (NPC)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;font-family:Verdana;"  lang="FR"&gt;, avec un président indépendant qui aspirait&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span  lang="FR" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt; à &lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;régler le différend avec la proposition d'un &lt;/span&gt;barème,&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt; après avoir évalué les points de vue de toutes les parties. Néanmoins, le mécanisme, aussi bien intentionné soit-il, a été incapable de répondre aux attentes. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana;"  lang="FR"&gt;Il est très peu probable que le National Tripartite Forum ne puisse modifier grand chose. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span  lang="FR" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Pourquoi ce cycle à l'infini ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana;"  lang="FR"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;D'une part, les syndicalistes affirment que la révision des salaires doit uniquement être concernée par la réparation de la perte du pouvoir d'achat. Du point de vue des employeurs, et du gouvernement aussi, la capacité des employeurs à payer l’augmentation et l'accroissement de la productivité doivent aussi être considérés. Officiellement, les trois paramètres - la compensation de l'érosion du pouvoir d'achat, la capacité à payer et la productivité - constituaient la base du mandat du NPC. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;En termes pratiques, les paramètres, tous pertinents faut-il le souligner, ne peuvent être conciliés parce qu'ils reposent sur des hypothèses non seulement insuffisantes, mais trompeuses. Parmi lesquelles le taux d'inflation calculé par le Central Statistics Office est le plus crucial. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;Le taux mesure les variations moyennes des prix d'un panier de biens et services qui lui-même est une représentation moyenne de la structure des dépenses du ménage moyen. &lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;Mais existe-t-il un ménage type? De surcroît avec la disparité criante qui caractérise le système salarial national. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;Le poids des dépenses alimentaires et de l'électricité, par exemple, dans les dépenses mensuelles des ménages différents varie en fonction de leurs niveaux de revenu. Plus le revenu est bas, plus la charge est lourde, surtout quand il y a une envolée du prix de l'alimentation et du carburant sur le plan mondial. Les consommateurs mauriciens sont encore plus vulnérables car ils vivent dans un pays qui n'a pas réussi à s'engager dans un programme raisonnable de sécurité alimentaire et énergétique et doit presque entièrement dépendre sur des importations de plus en plus coûteuses - dans une large mesure la conséquence inévitable de la dépréciation endémique de la roupie.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;Econoclasme &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;Dans une interview, Cader Sayed-Hossen, président de la Commission pour la démocratisation de l'économie, révèle comment, lors d'une réunion avec des représentants de la Bank of Mauritius (BoM), un magnat des affaires prônait la dépréciation de la roupie pour pallier la baisse des recettes du sucre, allant même jusqu’à suggérer un barème. Ironiquement, en scrutant le comportement de la roupie au cours des années, nous constatons que ce barème a déjà intégré le système. Certes avec &lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt; une vigueur retrouvée&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana;"  lang="FR"&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt; épisodique&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana;"  lang="FR"&gt; quand la BoM tient tête à l'instrumentalisation par des entreprises nocives et se laisse guidée par la raison.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;Si leur lobby avait été aussi puissant, les employés n'auraient pas à se contenter d'un barème, celui validé par le gouvernement pour l’ajustement salarial, qui dans la plupart des cas atténue à peine l'impact négatif de l'inflation sur leur revenu. Il en est ainsi parce que les employés ont tendance à être compensés au strict minimum car le revenu ciblé comme base d’ajustement est extrêmement conservateur, pour ne pas dire irréaliste.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;Lorsque les bénéficiaires de devises les plus nombrilistes fulminent sur la valeur internationale de la roupie, ils prétendent qu’une roupie « faible » est « bonne » pour l'économie mauricienne. Cette posture aussi cynique que paternaliste sur les effets bénéfiques d'une roupie dépréciée est fondée en partie sur l'espoir que la hausse des exportations de la production manufacturière augmentera l'emploi et stimulera l'expansion économique. Or, nous constatons à Maurice une évolution en dents de scie dans la création d'emplois et la croissance économique malgré la dépréciation persistante. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;Bien que la relation intime entre le taux d'inflation et le taux de change dans une économie très ouverte comme Maurice ne saurait être contestée, la prétendue relation entre la dépréciation de la monnaie et la compétitivité réelle tire sa justification dans une vision étriquée plutôt que dans une compréhension intuitive de la situation. Comme la dépréciation s’infiltre dans le système, elle stimule un cercle vicieux. Tôt ou tard l'illusion d'un soulagement finit par se révéler&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;qu’une autoflagellation. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;Malaise mauricien&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;Le capital humain est le facteur déterminant dans la qu&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;ê&lt;/span&gt;te d’une hausse de la compétitivité. Hélas ! La lubie pour la dépréciation a sérieusement entamé le moral des citoyens. Que ce soit subtilement, lorsque le glissement est lent, ou sévèrement, lorsque le glissement est rapide. La productivité ne peut être créé par magie en récompensant seuls les citoyens les plus influents. La véritable richesse est générée lorsque le système est imprégné d’incitations primordiales au dynamisme de la grande majorité. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;Pendant des décennies, les exportateurs ont eu la chance d'accès préférentiel aux marchés et une roupie faible. Pour certains d'entre eux, maintenant que l'ère de l'accès préférentiel s'estompe, il ne reste que le lobby de la dépréciation pour s'accrocher. Les mauvaises habitudes ont la vie dure. Lorsque les décideurs c&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;è&lt;/span&gt;dent à leurs caprices, ils perdent aussi leur pouvoir dans l’élaboration des stratégies d’adaptation au capitalisme mondialisé. &lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;D'où le retard grandissant dans la logistique nationale, tels que les réseaux routiers, les installations portuaires et aéroportuaires, l'approvisionnement en eau et ainsi de suite. Rouillant ainsi dangereusement les courroies de transmission du système. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;La BoM ne peut pas faire face à la complexité d'une économie seule. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;Il n'est pas étonnant alors qu'elle soit coincée dans un rôle de pompier face à un&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="bold"&gt;&lt;span  lang="FR" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;incendie de forêt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span  lang="FR" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;. Le pays est &lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;à la croisée des chemins. L&lt;/span&gt;e moment est venu de se débarrasser de l'aberration de la dépréciation de la roupie, un cancer qui ronge le système. &lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;Conjointement avec la corruption, les cartels et la prime de risque élevée en raison de la prévisibilité faible, elle fausse les prix du marché et aigrit les relations industrielles. &lt;/span&gt;Contrairement aux idées reçues, elle n'est pas toujours propice à la consolidation des fondamentaux économiques, tels que les balances commerciales. Pire encore, elle les déstabilise, avec l'impact du prix du carburant par exemple. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana;"  lang="FR"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;Sans doute, la Federal Reserve, la Bank of England ou la Banque centrale européenne peuvent fournir &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana;"  lang="FR"&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt; les principes directeurs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana;"  lang="FR"&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt; à la BoM. &lt;/span&gt;Mais quand il s'agit de réduire au minimum le risque de volatilité de la roupie, Maurice doit adapter ses politiques à ses propres spécificités. &lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;Singapour et Hong Kong, deux des étoiles de la mondialisation avec des profils similaires à Maurice, devraient plutôt nous servir d’inspiration. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt; gouvernements successifs ont acquis une réputation de prêter attention à toutes sortes de lobbies, peu importe leur fondement, aussi longtemps qu'ils sont assez bruyants. &lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;En adoptant une telle attitude, les gouvernements gaspillent beaucoup d'énergie et de temps à gérer les distorsions qui en résultent, le mécontentement et leur effet domino au lieu de se concentrer sur les solutions aux problèmes urgents. Dans ces circonstances, les politiques ont tendance à avoir un effet boomerang. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;Désintoxication &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;Les décideurs ne devraient pas perdre leurs marques face aux jérémiades émanant de certains bénéficiaires de devises. Il ne s'agit pas de dénigrer le profit, mais d'exposer la supercherie. &lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;Les décideurs ne doivent pas perdre de vue - premièrement, la profitabilit&lt;/span&gt;é&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt; réelle qui, pour certains, n’ont rien à envier aux détaillants de produits de luxe en termes de pourcentage ; puis, le fait que les fabricants importent des ouvriers &lt;/span&gt;étrangers pleins d’&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;entrain pour surmonter la démotivation des ouvriers locaux ; et enfin, plus centralement&lt;/span&gt;, la part élevée des intrants importés dans le processus de fabrication. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;Dans un article de journal, Serge Seeneyen, directeur général de Soniawear, affirme que «lorsque la roupie s'apprécie, il appartient aux entreprises de prendre des initiatives pour atténuer son impact, réduire leurs coûts de fonctionnement et devenir plus efficaces. Nous allons traverser des moments difficiles, mais je reste optimiste. J'espère qu'à l'avenir, je vais rattraper les pertes d'aujourd'hui ». Rien d'autre qu’une expression typique de l'esprit d'entreprise. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;Le signal que Maurice est prête pour la mondialisation viendra au moment où, à savoir, de telles déclarations positives remplacent les unes complaisantes et quand les syndicalistes sont prêts à lâcher des primes qui ne sont pas liées à la performance. C'est-à-dire quand conformément au ressenti de la majorité des entreprises et des citoyens, indépendamment de ce que le lissage statistique peut claironner, leurs efforts sont récompensés de manière équitable. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;Une telle transformation ne peut être présidée ou sous-traitée. Elle peut seulement se produire à travers un leadership éclairé capable de créer la synergie nécessaire à &lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;/span&gt;une expansion économique non-inflationniste, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana;"  lang="FR"&gt;&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;inclusive &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana;"  lang="FR"&gt;&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt; et durable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="if(typeof(jsCall)=='function'){jsCall();}else{setTimeout('jsCall()',500);}" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="if(typeof(jsCall)=='function'){jsCall();}else{setTimeout('jsCall()',500);}" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="if(typeof(jsCall)=='function'){jsCall();}else{setTimeout('jsCall()',500);}" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="if(typeof(jsCall)=='function'){jsCall();}else{setTimeout('jsCall()',500);}" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="if(typeof(jsCall)=='function'){jsCall();}else{setTimeout('jsCall()',500);}" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="if(typeof(jsCall)=='function'){jsCall();}else{setTimeout('jsCall()',500);}" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="if(typeof(jsCall)=='function'){jsCall();}else{setTimeout('jsCall()',500);}" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-935800110241910099?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/935800110241910099/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2011/03/la-depreciation-de-la-roupie-aggrave.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/935800110241910099'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/935800110241910099'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2011/03/la-depreciation-de-la-roupie-aggrave.html' title='La dépréciation de la roupie parasite Maurice'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-7717344154896693266</id><published>2011-01-17T15:00:00.000+04:00</published><updated>2011-01-17T15:01:06.451+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Salaam, "gentillesse légendaire" ?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="post-header"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  La lecture du cheminement de Maurice  depuis son "indépendance" politique dépend certes des critères  d'évaluation, mais aussi de l'expérience individuelle de chaque citoyen.  D'un point de vue strictement matériel, l'impression d'ensemble  tendrait à démontrer un "progrès" symbolisé, entre autres, par des  maisons plus résistantes aux cyclones et mieux équipées, des antennes  paraboliques, des autoroutes, des centres commerciaux. En déconstruisant  ce "devlopma", une réalité nettement plus nuancée se dessine. La  question fondamentale est : à quel prix ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dans le sillage du  "miracle" des années 1980, le plein emploi, les revenus additionnels  dans les ménages et une inflation relativement basse ont favorisé  l'essor de revenus disponibles et une sophistication du train de vie.  Les "besoins" ayant été plus accessibles, beaucoup de Mauriciens  pouvaient ainsi se permettre de satisfaire leurs "désirs", quitte à  s'endetter. Preuve que, même si elle a été éphémère, la confiance  s'était installée. Et la complaisance avec. Or, c'est dans un tel cycle  qu'une transformation s'avère moins pénible à mettre en place. Hélas !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le  fossé entre l'offre et la demande dans pratiquement tous les secteurs  n'arrête pas de s'élargir depuis. Que ce soit en terme de quantité ou de  qualité. Les inadéquations ont atteint un tel niveau qu'il devient  légitime d'être inquiet. S'il y a une vertu qui semble être aux  antipodes des caractéristiques de nos gouvernements successifs, sauf  peut-être dans une moindre mesure le premier gouvernement après  l'indépendance, c'est le planning.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Voici un exemple très  évocateur de ce qui sépare la vision de l'hallucination : le troisième  terminal opérationnel depuis peu à l'aéroport de Singapour était déjà  inscrit dans le plan directeur de 1975. A Maurice, la "croissance à tout  prix" a occulté la nécessité d'anticiper l'avenir et de s'adapter aux  mutations globales. Pour justement entretenir cette obsession, au lieu  de revoir complètement ses politiques publiques, Maurice s'est largement  contentée de doper son expansion économique à travers la dépréciation  de la roupie tout en bénéficiant d'accords préférentiels.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Au fur  et à mesure que le pays s'éloigne de l'ère du "miracle" et des  bienveillances des "pays amis", les Mauriciens, pour qui "besoins" et  "désirs" sont devenus entre-temps indissociables, se retrouvent de plus  en plus dans une situation où même pour assurer le minimum vital, ils  doivent "tracer". Parce que la dépréciation persistante de la roupie,  malgré quelques répits, ronge leur pouvoir d'achat, l'endettement les  piège et le spectre du chômage guette. Bref pour un bon nombre de  Mauriciens, existence rime désormais avec survie.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Malheureusement,  tout le monde n'a pas la même force de caractère pour s'en sortir. En  effet, si certains, victimes d'une stigmatisation bien ancrée ou  prisonniers d'un manque de formation et de qualifications, sont plus  vulnérables et sombrent souvent dans des fléaux sociaux, d'autres sont  obligés de cumuler deux ou plusieurs emplois pour essayer de joindre les  deux bouts ou d'autres encore considèrent l'émigration comme seul  espoir pour préserver un peu de dignité.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aujourd'hui, c'est  indéniable: l'attitude d'une bonne partie de nos ressources humaines  peut frustrer même l'employeur le plus empathique. Est-ce parce que les  Mauriciens ont été trop "assistés" et qu'ils sont devenus "paresseux" ?  Pourquoi alors ces jeunes Mauriciens fraîchement débarqués en Irlande,  par exemple, manifestent autant d'enthousiasme ? L'économie de marché  conditionne le citoyen à se comporter comme l'entrepreneur, il est plus  motivé lorsqu'il anticipe un "retour sur investissement".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La  morosité ambiante parasitera le système national tant que les  distorsions au sein du mécanisme de redistribution de la richesse et de  l'ascenseur de la mobilité sociale ne seront pas résolues. Dans ce  contexte, ce dont Maurice n'a pas besoin, ce sont ces ruptures de forme à  la sauce de ces bailleurs de fonds qui perpétuent notre dépendance et  ébranlent les fondements mêmes du vivre ensemble. Surtout que  simultanément le capitalisme de copinage, transmis par une corruption  endémique, contribue à polariser dangereusement les ressources du pays.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Serait-il  aléatoire d'affirmer que si Maurice a accompli ce qu'elle a accompli,  c'est moins à cause de ses gouvernements successifs, mais plus malgré  eux ? Selon une récente enquête d'une organisation patronale, seulement  6% des sondés plébiscitent les "réformes" pourtant célébrées dans  d'autres sphères comme des panacées. Parallèlement, un des  "facilitateurs" attitrés des "booms" ou des "crises" à venir soutient  qu'il ne faut surtout pas taxer davantage les projets sous Integrated  Resort Scheme car ce serait " tuer la poule aux œufs d'or" . Comme quoi,  "réduire la bureaucratie" peut prendre l'allure d'un défilement de  tapis rouge pour les membres d'un "club" adroitement ciblés.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Et  ces "pauvres", qui ont le privilège d'un plaidoyer particulièrement  cynique en leur faveur, ne correspondraient-ils pas en réalité aux 94%  constitués des entreprises, et aux ménages par extension, exclus de ces  réseaux et qui se contentent des miettes, et encore, des "fruits de la  réforme" ? La sécurité alimentaire et énergétique, la préservation de  l'environnement, l'épanouissement à travers une vie culturelle dynamique  et des activités de loisirs accessibles à tous ne seraient alors que  des fantasmes de doux rêveurs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le déclic viendra seulement après  qu'une masse critique s'émancipe des vices légués probablement par  l'héritage colonial et une éducation qui gratifie la mémorisation. La  tyrannie des "experts" et des imposteurs se prolongera donc aussi  longtemps que dureront la culture de révérence et le manque de distance  critique qui débouchent sur des postures pathétiquement partisanes et  binaires.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pour freiner la dilapidation des fonds publics, les  citoyens doivent d'abord intérioriser le fait que les gouvernements ne  sont que les dépositaires de leur propre argent, avant de développer le  réflexe d'en réclamer systématiquement une utilisation efficiente et  transparente. Un autre réflexe qui demande à proliférer c'est l'exigence  de "sanzman"  non pas parce "qu'on ne sait pas ce que les étrangers  vont penser de nous"  mais parce que les gouvernements nous sont d'abord  redevables.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sans l'activisme des contribuables, des  consommateurs et des actionnaires pour réclamer leurs droits sociaux et  économiques, sans, en contrepartie, un leadership capable de rallier la  grande majorité des Mauriciens autour d'un véritable projet de société,  Maurice ne pourra jamais offrir à ses citoyens une qualité de vie proche  de la Suisse, du Canada ou de la Nouvelle-Zélande.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Finalement,  il importe peu que l'inspiration émane du Nord ou du Sud, de l'Ouest ou  de l'Est, de la Droite ou de la Gauche. L'essentiel est qu'il y ait une  culture de résultat, un pragmatisme néanmoins complètement dépouillé de  bushisme ou de sarkozysme, mais qui "put people first"  pour de vrai.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La clé de la prospérité à long terme de Maurice réside dans l'intégrité de son système.&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="if(typeof(jsCall)=='function'){jsCall();}else{setTimeout('jsCall()',500);}" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-7717344154896693266?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/7717344154896693266/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2011/01/salaam-gentillesse-legendaire.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/7717344154896693266'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/7717344154896693266'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2011/01/salaam-gentillesse-legendaire.html' title='Salaam, &quot;gentillesse légendaire&quot; ?'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-5360262504198390393</id><published>2011-01-01T22:48:00.022+04:00</published><updated>2011-02-20T08:00:07.382+04:00</updated><title type='text'>L'héritage cosmopolite mauricien à l'épreuve des valeurs toxiques et exotiques</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;iframe src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/Zq7QPnqLoUk?fs=1" width="480" frameborder="0" height="295"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;"  lang="FR" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Is there such thing as "valeurs universelles"? Should we not rather try to identify values we share and strive to live and breathe them with no supremacist and proselytistic  zeal whatsoever? Est-ce que les valeurs proclamées par la "république" française sont effectivement plus citoyennes que celles vécues dans la "monarchie" suédoise par exemple? Should policies be "blind" or&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;"  lang="FR" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; "neutral" and "affirmative" (with a sunset clause)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;"  lang="FR" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; to ethnicity and gender? Should the institutionalisation of religion be singled out for fomenting the nu-bann and bann-la divide? Or is it rather its instrumentalisation?  The following insights may help shedding light on &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;"  lang="FR" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;what is merely lunacy and what &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;"  lang="FR" &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;is truly inspirational.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;La vraie division du monde n'est pas entre Orient et Occident, entre Nord et Sud, mais entre les cons et pas cons&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Marjane Satrapi, auteur de bande dessinée&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The ability to think critically;to transcend local loyalties and to approach world problems as "a citizen of the world"; and, finally, to empathise make or break democracy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Martha Nussbaum, philosophe&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Je dirai que c'est la cohérence de la pensée complexe qui contient  la diversité et permet de la comprendre. J'adhère à  ce qui peut être dit sur la diversité des psychologies, des  héritages culturels. Cependant, la diversité doit être  pensée en se fondant sur la cohérence et la compréhension.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;font-size:100%;" &gt;Edgar Morin, philosophe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;"Tolerance" is not only a question of enacting and applying laws; it must be practiced in everyday life. Tolerance means that believers of one faith, of a different faith and non-believers must mutually concede one another the right to those convictions, practices and ways of living that they themselves reject. This concession must be supported by a shared basis of mutual recognition from which repugnant dissonances can be overcome. This recognition should not be confused with an appreciation of an alien culture and way of living, or of rejected convictions and practices&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Jurgen Habermas, philosophe&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The “toleration” that was the watchword of the Enlightenment philosophers is not enough, thinker Tariq Ramadan argues. Toleration literally means “to suffer” or “to endure” the presence of others and implies a relationship of domination; the powerful are requested “to moderate their strength and to limit their ability to do harm”. But such grudging acceptance is detrimental to both the person who tolerates and the one whose presence is merely endured. What is required is respect, based on a relationship of equality. Tolerance can “reduce the other to a mere presence” but “respect opens up to us the complexity of his being”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Karen Armstrong, écrivain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Too many countries still cling to the hope that once societies democratize, modernize, and develop economically, then ethnic politics will disappear. So far as I can tell, there is no evidence for believing this, and much evidence to the contrary. Some of the deepest values of liberal democracy – including foundational commitments to individual freedom, political equality and human rights – operate to support and sustain ethnic politics. We need to acknowledge this and to prepare for it when thinking about the sort of democratic society we wish to build&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"&gt;Will Kymlicka, philosophe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Nous avons besoin d'un nouveau modèle de société où les différences religieuses ou culturelles sont mises en avant et où elles sont reconnues et valorisées. C'est très sain ces différences, il ne faut pas les diaboliser. Nous sommes certes différents mais la construction de notre mauricianisme ne se fera pas en dehors de nos différences mais à partir de ces différences&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" lang="FR" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"&gt;Jonathan Ravat, étudiant chercheur&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Le modèle républicain français postule que les citoyens français possèdent tous la même identité culturelle. En fait, c’est même la seule identité acceptable &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"&gt;Ezra Suleiman, professeur de science politique&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Only primitive societies that allow no differences of any kind, and dictatorships, which control all aspects of life, are free of parallel societies &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"&gt;Henryk Broder, journaliste&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les responsables politiques ont accordé une reconnaissance inédite aux autorités religieuses, devenues les porte-parole des différentes communautés. Résultat, ces voix se confondent aujourd’hui avec celle du clergé. Et l’on assiste à un phénomène nouveau : le développement de la pratique religieuse chez des gens qui n’étaient pas spécialement pratiquants jusque-là. Mais comme on ne cesse de leur répéter que c’est leur origine religieuse qui les définit, ils finissent par y croire&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Amartya Sen, professeur d'économie et de philosophie&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;In France debates about multiculturalism occur under the overarching canopy of laïcité, a term that loosely but inadequately translates into English as "secularism". With laïcité &lt;leo_highlight style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 150); background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 50%; cursor: pointer; display: inline; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" id="leoHighlights_Underline_0" onclick="leoHighlightsHandleClick('leoHighlights_Underline_0')" onmouseover="leoHighlightsHandleMouseOver('leoHighlights_Underline_0')" onmouseout="leoHighlightsHandleMouseOut('leoHighlights_Underline_0')" leohighlights_keywords="the%20state" leohighlights_url_top="http%3A//shortcuts.thebrowserhighlighter.com/leonardo/plugin/highlights/3_2/tbh_highlightsTop.jsp?keywords%3Dthe%2520state%26domain%3Dwww.blogger.com" leohighlights_url_bottom="http%3A//shortcuts.thebrowserhighlighter.com/leonardo/plugin/highlights/3_2/tbh_highlightsBottom.jsp?keywords%3Dthe%2520state%26domain%3Dwww.blogger.com" leohighlights_underline="true"&gt;the state&lt;/leo_highlight&gt; actively expels religious life beyond a border that &lt;leo_highlight style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 150); background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 50%; cursor: pointer; display: inline; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" id="leoHighlights_Underline_1" onclick="leoHighlightsHandleClick('leoHighlights_Underline_1')" onmouseover="leoHighlightsHandleMouseOver('leoHighlights_Underline_1')" onmouseout="leoHighlightsHandleMouseOut('leoHighlights_Underline_1')" leohighlights_keywords="the%20state" leohighlights_url_top="http%3A//shortcuts.thebrowserhighlighter.com/leonardo/plugin/highlights/3_2/tbh_highlightsTop.jsp?keywords%3Dthe%2520state%26domain%3Dwww.blogger.com" leohighlights_url_bottom="http%3A//shortcuts.thebrowserhighlighter.com/leonardo/plugin/highlights/3_2/tbh_highlightsBottom.jsp?keywords%3Dthe%2520state%26domain%3Dwww.blogger.com" leohighlights_underline="true"&gt;the state&lt;/leo_highlight&gt; itself has defined by law. Laïcité actually fosters religion by making it a separate category. It reinforces religious identities rather than allowing them to dissolve into more diversified social practices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;" lang="FR"&gt;Malise Ruthven, historien&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Le mot “république” n’est-il pas désormais trop contaminé par une acception nationaliste, réactionnaire, xénophobe, raciste? Le "communautarisme", c'est la visibilité de gens dont on voudrait qu'ils soient invisibles. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;C’est ainsi que, grâce à l’usage de “république” et de “communautarisme”, se dessine en creux, l’image d’une nation composée exclusivement de gens d’apparence européenne, quelle que soit leur nationalité&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Christine Delphy, sociologue&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;C'est notre modèle culturel-catholique-français de l'imaginaire de "La France Éternelle", qui nous a empêchés et continue de nous empêcher de comprendre ce qui se passe ici et de développer une stratégie&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Filip Fanchette, p&lt;em&gt;rêtre&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A force de rouler les mécaniques, les intellectuels normalisés par l'idéologie christiano-laïque à la française se sont enfermés dans une attitude qui évacue tout ce qui n'est pas digérable en France&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Pierre Legendre, psychanalyste&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Aujourd'hui, force est de constater que le républicanisme français a fait faillite, car il ne sait pas gérer une société pluriculturelle. Le républicanisme n'a aucune &lt;leo_highlight style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 150); background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 50%; cursor: pointer; display: inline; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" id="leoHighlights_Underline_2" onclick="leoHighlightsHandleClick('leoHighlights_Underline_2')" onmouseover="leoHighlightsHandleMouseOver('leoHighlights_Underline_2')" onmouseout="leoHighlightsHandleMouseOut('leoHighlights_Underline_2')" leohighlights_keywords="perspective" leohighlights_url_top="http%3A//shortcuts.thebrowserhighlighter.com/leonardo/plugin/highlights/3_2/tbh_highlightsTop.jsp?keywords%3Dperspective%26domain%3Dwww.blogger.com" leohighlights_url_bottom="http%3A//shortcuts.thebrowserhighlighter.com/leonardo/plugin/highlights/3_2/tbh_highlightsBottom.jsp?keywords%3Dperspective%26domain%3Dwww.blogger.com" leohighlights_underline="true"&gt;perspective&lt;/leo_highlight&gt; d'avenir; il ne sait pas raconter ce que peut être l'avenir&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Jean Baubérot, historien&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;Simple notions of "Laïcité", à la française, which simply tried to marginalize religion, are no longer adequate to our situation. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;We can no longer have a civil religion – not one based on God, nor on laïcité and the rights of man, nor, indeed, on any particular view. We live, today, in uncharted territory. We face a challenge that is unprecedented in human history: creation of a powerful political ethic of solidarity self-consciously grounded on the presence and acceptance of very different views&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Charles Taylor, professeur de science politique et de philosophie&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If racism has been the subtext of the foulard controversy in France, historian Joan Wallach Scott argues, then laïcité was its expression. Those who supported the ban on headscarves argued that laïcité was not simply secularism but a universal notion that was also unique to France. They called it une singularité française. Upon closer scrutiny, however, this particular notion seemed to be quite accommodating to Catholics and rather intransigent to others&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Laila Lalami, romancière &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The social and political measures taken by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk were very much influenced by the French laïcité, which more than being pluralist and inclusive was monolithic and exclusivist. Turkish elites asserted that religion was an “obstacle to progress.” and, therefore, they incorporated the French laïcité, rather than the less confrontational Anglo-Saxon secularism, which allowed no role whatsoever for faith in public life&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ramin Jahanbegloo, philosophe&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;I must point out that the great killers and ethno-nationalists of our times, strangely enough, have come not from among religious fanatics but from non-believing secular-rationalists or ideologues using religion and ethnicity instrumentally. Adolf Hitler was not religious at all nor was Joseph Stalin. In South Asia, the great theoretician of Hindutva, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, was a secularist who thought it irrational to consider the cow sacred and refused a Hindu funeral to his wife and to himself&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;Ashis Nandy,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; sociologue&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;In contrast with laïcité, for example - often described as the most extreme interpretation of western secularism -, the Indian model does not see a wall of separation between politics and faith but, instead, insists on the neutrality of &lt;leo_highlight style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 150); background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 50%; cursor: pointer; display: inline; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" id="leoHighlights_Underline_3" onclick="leoHighlightsHandleClick('leoHighlights_Underline_3')" onmouseover="leoHighlightsHandleMouseOver('leoHighlights_Underline_3')" onmouseout="leoHighlightsHandleMouseOut('leoHighlights_Underline_3')" leohighlights_keywords="the%20state" leohighlights_url_top="http%3A//shortcuts.thebrowserhighlighter.com/leonardo/plugin/highlights/3_2/tbh_highlightsTop.jsp?keywords%3Dthe%2520state%26domain%3Dwww.blogger.com" leohighlights_url_bottom="http%3A//shortcuts.thebrowserhighlighter.com/leonardo/plugin/highlights/3_2/tbh_highlightsBottom.jsp?keywords%3Dthe%2520state%26domain%3Dwww.blogger.com" leohighlights_underline="true"&gt;the state&lt;/leo_highlight&gt; towards religion. Indian secularism does not require &lt;leo_highlight style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; cursor: pointer; display: inline; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" id="leoHighlights_Underline_4" onclick="leoHighlightsHandleClick('leoHighlights_Underline_4')" onmouseover="leoHighlightsHandleMouseOver('leoHighlights_Underline_4')" onmouseout="leoHighlightsHandleMouseOut('leoHighlights_Underline_4')" leohighlights_keywords="the%20state" leohighlights_url_top="http%3A//shortcuts.thebrowserhighlighter.com/leonardo/plugin/highlights/3_2/tbh_highlightsTop.jsp?keywords%3Dthe%2520state%26domain%3Dwww.blogger.com" leohighlights_url_bottom="http%3A//shortcuts.thebrowserhighlighter.com/leonardo/plugin/highlights/3_2/tbh_highlightsBottom.jsp?keywords%3Dthe%2520state%26domain%3Dwww.blogger.com" leohighlights_underline="true"&gt;the state&lt;/leo_highlight&gt; to be irreligious or anti-religious; nor does it ban religion from the public sphere&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"&gt;Mehdi Hasan, éditorialiste&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;La conception laïque de séparation public/ privé n’est qu’un modèle d’État-nation parmi d’autres. Pour les systèmes de pensée de l'Hindouisme ou de l'Islam, cette séparation n'a même pas lieu d'être. Il existe, par exemple, des prescriptions politiques dans les Vedas &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"&gt;Belall Maudarbux, universitaire&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Lorsqu'on dit que la laïcité est le fait que le religieux doit rester dans le privée, on n'est plus dans la définition juridique de la laïcité mais dans la définition idéologique&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Olivier Roy, politologue&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;La laïcité est un principe qui devrait s'appliquer aux institutions et non aux citoyens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cécile Laborde, politologue&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p  style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;  &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;My parents are Indian and proud of it. They have Indian friends whom they meet regularly at weekends, eating Indian food, sometimes in Indian dress and speaking in Hindi. But they have just as many close friends who are white and British. Their next-door neighbours – the Hallows – are one of the most wonderful families I have ever met. They created a &lt;leo_highlight style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; cursor: pointer; display: inline; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" id="leoHighlights_Underline_5" onclick="leoHighlightsHandleClick('leoHighlights_Underline_5')" onmouseover="leoHighlightsHandleMouseOver('leoHighlights_Underline_5')" onmouseout="leoHighlightsHandleMouseOut('leoHighlights_Underline_5')" leohighlights_keywords="gap" leohighlights_url_top="http%3A//shortcuts.thebrowserhighlighter.com/leonardo/plugin/highlights/3_2/tbh_highlightsTop.jsp?keywords%3Dgap%26domain%3Dwww.blogger.com" leohighlights_url_bottom="http%3A//shortcuts.thebrowserhighlighter.com/leonardo/plugin/highlights/3_2/tbh_highlightsBottom.jsp?keywords%3Dgap%26domain%3Dwww.blogger.com" leohighlights_underline="false"&gt;gap&lt;/leo_highlight&gt; in the fence between the two homes so they could come easily into ours and my parents go into theirs. It is a tiny but perfect example of integration – and it relies wholly on the fact that every person involved embraces multiculturalism.When I was growing up, people in India used to call me a "coconut": brown on the outside and white on the inside. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt;I hope they never do that again&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"  style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"&gt;Anushka Asthana, éditorialiste&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;"  &gt; Le défaut de tous ces programmes d'études pseudo-universitaires, ce n'est pas qu'ils se concentrent sur telle ou telle minorité sexuelle, ethnique ou géographique, c'est qu'ils encouragent les membres de cette minorité à n'étudier qu'eux-mêmes, ce qui non seulement sape l'objectif même d'une éducation humaniste mais renforce la mentalité sectaire et les réflexes de ghettoïsation qu'ils prétendent éradiquer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Tony Judt, historien&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;"  &gt;We have crafted a set of very intricate rules, no housing blocks shall  have more than a percentage of so many Chinese, so many percent Malays,  Indians. All are thoroughly mixed. Willy-nilly, your neighbors are  Indians, Malays, etc. You go to the same shopping malls, you go to the same  schools, the same playing fields, you go up and down the same lifts. We  cannot allow segregation&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Lee Kuan Yew, ancien Premier ministre&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span lang="FR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Il n'est pas sain pour un être humain de passer trop de temps à contempler son propre reflet.  Ironie du sort, les communautés de gens d'esprit semblable représentent l'un des plus grands dangers de notre univers mondialisé d'aujourd'hui. Et cela se passe partout, chez les libéraux et les conservateurs, les agnostiques et les croyants, les riches et les pauvres, en Orient comme en Occident. Nous avons tendance à former des groupes, fondés sur la similitude, et puis nous produisons des stéréotypes au sujet d'autres groupes de personnes. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="FR"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;Elif Shafak, écrivain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="if(typeof(jsCall)=='function'){jsCall();}else{setTimeout('jsCall()',500);}" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="if(typeof(jsCall)=='function'){jsCall();}else{setTimeout('jsCall()',500);}" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="if(typeof(jsCall)=='function'){jsCall();}else{setTimeout('jsCall()',500);}" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="if(typeof(jsCall)=='function'){jsCall();}else{setTimeout('jsCall()',500);}" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="if(typeof(jsCall)=='function'){jsCall();}else{setTimeout('jsCall()',500);}" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="if(typeof(jsCall)=='function'){jsCall();}else{setTimeout('jsCall()',500);}" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-5360262504198390393?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/5360262504198390393/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2011/01/lheritage-cosmopolite-mauricien.html#comment-form' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/5360262504198390393'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/5360262504198390393'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2011/01/lheritage-cosmopolite-mauricien.html' title='L&apos;héritage cosmopolite mauricien à l&apos;épreuve des valeurs toxiques et exotiques'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://img.youtube.com/vi/Zq7QPnqLoUk/default.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-5021114908240881646</id><published>2010-11-07T20:36:00.020+04:00</published><updated>2011-11-15T12:14:49.862+04:00</updated><title type='text'>S for Sanzman</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;A feeling of helplessness seems to be gripping Mauritius. To the alert observer, it has been like an accident waiting to happen. Barring self-serving politicians or self-absorbed oligarchs, today's systemic inadequacies are too in-your-face to go unnoticed. The need for enlightened leadership beyond partisan lines has never been more pressing. Without rising awareness and scrutiny among citizens and netizens, things can easily spin out of control.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;New regulations through technological solutions, through public education  and through the introduction of market mechanisms can potentially relieve the rampant distress. Breaking out of the spiral of mistrust is very urgent. Some priority measures have been identified. Others, such as decriminalisation of cannabis and abortion, despite being critical, but requiring wider and engaging consultation,  have been omitted. Proponents of "2ème république" (laudable but quixotic) and "Duty free island" (absurd in a world of low tariffs) will be disappointed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The  list does not claim to be comprehensive. It is understood though that efforts must be synchronised and that there is no quick fix. Hundreds of policies are needed. Change is a never-ending process. All in all, it is about the triumph of substance over hype.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Poll Results:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 100%;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Allow Private Television "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;Allow Private Television &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Allow Private Television "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;  24 (75%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="resultBar" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 75%; z-index: -1;" title="Allow Private Television "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Crack Down on Cartelistic and Discriminatory Behaviour"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;Crack Down on Cartelistic and Discriminatory Behaviour&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Crack Down on Cartelistic and Discriminatory Behaviour"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;  31 (96%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="resultBar" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 96%; z-index: -1;" title="Crack Down on Cartelistic and Discriminatory Behaviour"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Devise Nationwide Railway Network"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;Devise Nationwide Railway Network&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Devise Nationwide Railway Network"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;  29 (90%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="resultBar" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 90%; z-index: -1;" title="Devise Nationwide Railway Network"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Dump Rupee Depreciation Bias"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;Dump Rupee Depreciation Bias&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Dump Rupee Depreciation Bias"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;  29 (90%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="resultBar" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 90%; z-index: -1;" title="Dump Rupee Depreciation Bias"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Enact Freedom of Information Act"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;Enact Freedom of Information Act&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Enact Freedom of Information Act"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;  25 (78%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="resultBar" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 78%; z-index: -1;" title="Enact Freedom of Information Act"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Regulate Electoral Funding"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;Regulate Electoral Funding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Regulate Electoral Funding"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;  26 (81%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="resultBar" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 81%; z-index: -1;" title="Regulate Electoral Funding"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Reinstate Tax Breaks in Individual Income Tax and Introduce Wealth Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;Reinstate Tax Breaks in Individual Income Tax and Introduce Wealth Tax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Reinstate Tax Breaks in Individual Income Tax and Introduce Wealth Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;  23 (71%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="resultBar" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 71%; z-index: -1;" title="Reinstate Tax Breaks in Individual Income Tax and Introduce Wealth Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Remove Incentives for Corruption from the System"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;Remove Incentives for Corruption from the System&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Remove Incentives for Corruption from the System"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;  28 (87%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="resultBar" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 87%; z-index: -1;" title="Remove Incentives for Corruption from the System"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Reverse Decline of English Language (Global Lingua Franca)"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;Reverse Decline of English Language (Global Lingua Franca)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Reverse Decline of English Language (Global Lingua Franca)"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;  26 (81%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="resultBar" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 81%; z-index: -1;" title="Reverse Decline of English Language (Global Lingua Franca)"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Seek Contribution of New York Cops for Crime Prevention and Detection"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;Seek Contribution of New York Cops for Crime Prevention and Detection&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Seek Contribution of New York Cops for Crime Prevention and Detection"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;  26 (81%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="resultBar" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 81%; z-index: -1;" title="Seek Contribution of New York Cops for Crime Prevention and Detection"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Sex Up and Broaden School Curriculum"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;Sex Up and Broaden School Curriculum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Sex Up and Broaden School Curriculum"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;  30 (93%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="resultBar" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 93%; z-index: -1;" title="Sex Up and Broaden School Curriculum"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Subsidise Small Independent Power Producers (SIPPs)"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;Subsidise Small Independent Power Producers (SIPPs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Subsidise Small Independent Power Producers (SIPPs)"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;  23 (71%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="resultBar" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 71%; z-index: -1;" title="Subsidise Small Independent Power Producers (SIPPs)"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Supply Water Non Stop"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;Supply Water Non Stop&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Supply Water Non Stop"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;  30 (93%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="resultBar" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 93%; z-index: -1;" title="Supply Water Non Stop"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Transform Mauritius Islands into a Slow Food Destination "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;Transform Mauritius Islands into a Slow Food Destination &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Transform Mauritius Islands into a Slow Food Destination "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;  25 (78%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="resultBar" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 78%; z-index: -1;" title="Transform Mauritius Islands into a Slow Food Destination "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Upgrade cultural, leisure and sports facilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;Upgrade cultural, leisure and sports facilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Upgrade cultural, leisure and sports facilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;  27 (84%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="resultBar" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 84%; z-index: -1;" title="Upgrade cultural, leisure and sports facilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="None"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;None&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="None"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;  0 (0%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 78%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Votes:  32  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-5021114908240881646?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/5021114908240881646/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2010/11/cast-your-votes-s-for-sanzman.html#comment-form' title='6 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/5021114908240881646'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/5021114908240881646'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2010/11/cast-your-votes-s-for-sanzman.html' title='S for Sanzman'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>6</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-3488788421038787138</id><published>2010-11-02T01:22:00.013+04:00</published><updated>2010-11-06T10:46:23.739+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Casse-tête chinois</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_59TU5M1GgrQ/TNT5cAcLjDI/AAAAAAAAAHo/j_TGmsHkh0k/s1600/forum+5+nov++2010.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 232px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_59TU5M1GgrQ/TNT5cAcLjDI/AAAAAAAAAHo/j_TGmsHkh0k/s320/forum+5+nov++2010.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5536324101495032882" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;meta equiv="CONTENT-TYPE" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;title&gt;&lt;/title&gt;&lt;meta name="GENERATOR" content="OpenOffice.org 3.1  (Win32)"&gt;&lt;style type="text/css"&gt; 	&lt;!-- 		@page { margin: 2cm } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } 	--&gt; 	&lt;/style&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;L’hégémonie occidentale s’est tellement infiltrée dans notre quotidien que nous avons tendance à occulter la contribution historique des autres civilisations à l’édification de la modernité. La (re)floraison de la Chine, par exemple, dénote le caractère “cyclique” de l’humanité, contrairement au postulat “fin de l’histoire” énoncé par le penseur néo-conservateur  Francis Fukuyama en 1989.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Avec la création de la République populaire de Chine en 1949, sous l’impulsion de Mao Zedong, le pays a vécu un développement mitigé avant de toucher le fond. Ce n’est qu’à partir de 1977, quand la bande de Den Xiao-ping oriente le pays vers l’économie de marché, que l’espoir renaît. Etant donné l’imprégnation du maoïsme, sa révision ne peut s’inscrire que dans une logique de long terme.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Petit à petit, l’économie chinoise se libère de la propriété collective au profit de la propriété privée. Les réformes entamées pour rendre l’environnement pro-marché récoltent maintenant les dividendes : le flux des investissements étrangers et, dans leur sillage, le transfert de savoir-faire, n’arrêtent pas de croître.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Auparavant ringardisé, le label “Made in China” est aujourd’hui omniprésent. Si l’Inde est en passe de se métamorphoser en laboratoire technologique du marché mondial, la Chine s’affiche déjà comme son usine de biens de grande consommation – fabriqués sous licence ou contrefaits – tels l’habillement, les jouets, les équipements sportifs et les produits électroniques. Le tout, de surcroît, offert avec un excellent rapport qualité-prix.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;D’une façon ou d’une autre, tous les autres pays sont chamboulés par cette nouvelle donne, même s’ils n’adoptent pas tous les mêmes attitudes à son encontre. Les tigres asiatiques contemplent l’expansion de leurs marchés dans un partenariat avec le dragon chinois : d’abord à travers la consommation chinoise et ensuite à travers un cluster en tant que fournisseurs de produits à faible valeur ajoutée destinés à être transformés et réexportés. Bref, c’est tout un bloc qui se constitue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Au sein des pays développés, la réaction est plutôt ambivalente. Même s’il est vrai qu’une partie de la production chinoise est toujours subventionnée par l’Etat, est-ce que certains pays occidentaux – qui font de même dans le domaine de l’agriculture où ils privent les pays africains d’un marché potentiel – sont crédibles lorsqu’ils évoquent le dumping? Parallèlement, les nouveaux riches chinois représentent une clientèle friande de produits de luxe européens.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Des nombreuses voix, occidentales surtout, s’élèvent pour réclamer une “réévaluation” du renminbi (l’autre nom du yuan, littéralement “monnaie du peuple”). Celui-ci, indexé au dollar américain de 1994 à 2005 – ce qui signifie que, par rapport aux autres monnaies, le renminbi fluctuait au même rythme que le dollar américain –, bénéficie actuellement du fléchissement de ce dernier.  Alors qu’au préalable lorsque le dollar, et par induction donc le renminbi aussi, étaient plus vaillants, personne ne rouspétait. Depuis, par rapport au même dollar, le renminbi s'est apprécié de 25%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;L' éditorialiste de Time, Fareed Zakaria, résume lucidement l'imbroglio: &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;China bashing is "at best pointless posturing and at worst dangerous demagoguery. Chinese companies make many goods for less than 25% of what they would cost to manufacture in the U.S. Making those goods 20% more expensive won't make American factories competitive. The most likely outcome is that it would help other low-wage economies. The best and most effective response to it is not threats and tariffs but deep, structural reforms and major new investments to make the U.S. economy dynamic and its workers competitive&lt;/span&gt;."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les autres pays émergents, Maurice notamment, se contenteront des “miettes”. Ces “miettes”, néanmoins, il va falloir aller les chercher car il y aura de moins en moins  d’accords préférentiels pour les garantir. Il n’est pas question seulement de positionnement sur le marché ou de “&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;fine-tuning&lt;/span&gt;”, le modèle mauricien de développement lui-même doit être revisité.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dans un monde de plus en plus intégré, l’odyssée chinoise démontre l’importance de l’ouverture sur l’extérieur et de la stabilité monétaire dans la vitalité d’une économie. Si nous envisageons enfin de réconcilier la vision avec l’action, nous serons alors en harmonie avec la profession taoïste du yin et du yang, cette philosophie d’équilibre qui inspire l’ethos chinois depuis plusieurs siècles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A nos “&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;policymakers&lt;/span&gt;” d’inaugurer la voie jamais empruntée jusqu’à présent : le&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; micromanagement&lt;/span&gt;. C’est-à-dire, l’amélioration de notre compétitivité en passant par une stratégie ciblant l’ajustement de l’environnement général afin que tout le monde soit efficient sans le soutien d’une monnaie de singe, mais avec celle “du peuple”.  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-3488788421038787138?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/3488788421038787138/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2010/11/casse-tete-chinois.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/3488788421038787138'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/3488788421038787138'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2010/11/casse-tete-chinois.html' title='Casse-tête chinois'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_59TU5M1GgrQ/TNT5cAcLjDI/AAAAAAAAAHo/j_TGmsHkh0k/s72-c/forum+5+nov++2010.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-8174184356321364192</id><published>2010-10-28T11:16:00.002+04:00</published><updated>2010-10-28T12:14:25.533+04:00</updated><title type='text'>A Rebuttal to a Wicked Call</title><content type='html'>Here we go again, our advocates of reverse affirmative action are  exposing their exchange rate fetish. The following is an excerpt from The Economist to debunk the ongoing  deception:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"In setting its interest rates, the Federal Reserve  worries about growth and inflation. It does not concern itself unduly  with the dollar. Policymakers in emerging economies, by contrast, cannot  afford that luxury. In countries prone to high inflation, a stable  exchange rate helps to anchor prices. Such economies have also usually  borrowed in dollars or euros, because their creditors insist on being  repaid in hard currency. A precipitous fall in the currency can make  these debts insupportable. For these reasons, emerging economies must  often raise interest rates in the teeth of a slowdown in an effort to  defend their currencies. Rich countries can afford to treat their  currencies with benign neglect. Emerging economies cannot".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A  country's competitiveness is indeed not a zero-sum game. That is, it  does not rest on policies dictated by the whims of fat cats whose wish  is to have the cake and eat it. Real competitiveness is the legacy  of an environment conducive to productivity gains everywhere. Truly,  persistent rupee depreciation acts as the single most pervasive  disincentive in the creation of the required synergy. The more so when  the manufacturing process has a high import content.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition  to more competition in the financial sector, the key to slashing  domestic borrowing costs, so that they compare favourably with our  foreign competitors, is to convince market participants that the rupee  is volatility-proof. Interest rate differential is essentially a  reflection of risk premium. By the way, is there any good Samaritan to  enlighten navel gazers to the fact that, say, euro's behaviour on international markets is not Mauritius-grown?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A downturn is  inherent to economic and business cycles. It should be  an additional incentive to dump exotic and delusional thinking. The  relevance of the response is all that matters and it tests the mettle of  leaders in all walks of life.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-8174184356321364192?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/8174184356321364192/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2010/10/rebuttal-to-wicked-call.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/8174184356321364192'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/8174184356321364192'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2010/10/rebuttal-to-wicked-call.html' title='A Rebuttal to a Wicked Call'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-7376346788168670652</id><published>2010-10-20T18:57:00.008+04:00</published><updated>2010-10-20T19:16:25.985+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Un divorce douloureux</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=";font-family:verdana,courier new,courier,tahoma,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;"&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;In no other country is the elite so willing to let fine phrases overrule hard thinking, to reject the lessons of experience in favour of delusions of grandeur, and to blame it all on someone else&lt;/span&gt;"&lt;br /&gt;Paul Krugman &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;En affublant ainsi le coq gaulois, l'économiste incisif ne s'imaginait manifestement pas qu'un tigre, celui de l'océan Indien, pouvait aussi faire preuve de nombrilisme et de suffisance. Avec une exposition quasi-hégémonique aux médias franco-français, l'infiltration insidieuse de ce syndrome parmi nous est-elle si surprenante ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Si le constat de bon sens est dépressif, il montre en tout cas que le déclin de la politique, au sens noble du terme, est un problème fondamental. Il serait néanmoins malveillant de l'attribuer au seul gouvernement actuel. Le messianisme promettant officiellement le bien-être pour tous, mais qui cible dans les faits "ceux qui comptent", est un leurre qui a fini par être mis au jour.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ce mépris a engendré une crise identitaire et un repli communautaire au point d'ethniciser même les Chambres de commerce. Au lieu d'être servi par un leadership qui éclaire simultanément avec des qualités comme la sagesse, la fermeté, la vision et la diligence, nous avons été dirigés, depuis notre indépendance, par des capitaines respectifs qui les incarnent isolément, hélas parmi d'innombrables tares.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pour évacuer le sentiment d'incompétence et de peur du changement par rapport à une réalité hostile, le recours aux échappatoires fait partie du mécanisme de défense de l'humain. Le discours narcissique, par exemple, est une tentative qui aspire à transformer une période "faste" du passé en mythe, censé générer une fierté.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Or, un développement qui se veut durable requiert une approche critique et globale, capable d'identifier les blocages et de les surmonter. Le taux de croissance économique n'est pas en soi un critère de progrès. En le disséquant, nous constatons qu'il a été drivé par des accords préférentiels, par une roupie inflationniste et, dernièrement, par une bulle immobilière et des dépenses publiques. Paradoxalement, une telle croissance nous a sclérosés. N'en déplaise aux bien-pensants, éblouis par l'artifice, notre développement a été d'ordre infrastructurel et surtout polarisé.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ce qui compte véritablement c'est le "&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;font-size:130%;" &gt;trickle down&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;" de la richesse nationale, pas celui de l'autisme en face de la mondialisation. Il est bien naïf de croire que le "&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;font-size:130%;" &gt;feel good factor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;" éphémère déclenché par un événement populaire ou un regain de croissance dans certains pays développés sont suffisants pour nous sortir de notre désenchantement. Notre avenir se construit, d'abord, chez nous. En toute humilité.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-7376346788168670652?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/7376346788168670652/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2010/10/un-divorce-douloureux.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/7376346788168670652'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/7376346788168670652'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2010/10/un-divorce-douloureux.html' title='Un divorce douloureux'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-4511691131242988570</id><published>2010-10-13T15:03:00.011+04:00</published><updated>2010-10-19T14:56:45.677+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Tigre certes mais pas de papier!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt; &lt;div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Dans les années 1970, Edouard Lim Fat avait  suggéré de transformer Maurice en une île &lt;i&gt;duty free&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Si nos  gouvernements successifs avaient souscrit à cette vision tout en profitant d’une  part, des préférences commerciales pour pallier le déficit de notre situation  géostratégique en terme de dynamisme et d’autre part, du boycott international  des produits sud-africains sous le régime de l‘apartheid, nous serions  aujourd’hui probablement en train de négocier, à l’image de Singapour, des  accords de libre-échange avec d’autres partenaires aux quatre coins du monde au  lieu de quémander davantage de compensation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La petite taille de leurs  marchés intérieurs ne favorisant pas suffisamment d'économie d'échelle – cette  notion relative ne doit toutefois pas être un prétexte pour masquer les  inefficiences et crier au dumping face à la concurrence internationale – les  cités-Etats doivent impérativement s’ouvrir davantage que les autres sur le  monde extérieur pour assurer leur expansion économique. Cela s’est vérifié  pendant la Renaissance avec Florence et Venise. Aujourd’hui Dubayy, Hong Kong et  Singapour le démontrent. Djibouti se positionne. Maurice ne peut y échapper.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Toute logique d’ouverture additionnelle comporte aussi des risques de  dérives additionnels. D’où l’imminence d’un Etat qui optimise l’usage de tous  ses rôles. D’abord en tant que régulateur pour assurer une stabilité  institutionnelle raisonnable surtout au niveau parlementaire (pour garantir une  permanence de l’Etat), légal (propice à une &lt;em&gt;rule of law&lt;/em&gt; forte), fiscal  (la politique de taxation et la gestion efficace de l’argent des contribuables),  monétaire (la Banque centrale) et des garde-fous (la Commission de la  concurrence) pour contrer les défaillances inévitables du marché. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ensuite en tant que facilitateur pour  l’aménagement des infrastructures de développement et des mécanismes  d’encadrement. Finalement, n’en déplaise aux tenants de la privatisation tous  azimuts, en tant qu'acteur (en joint-venture avec des véritables leaders  mondiaux quand il le faut) non seulement dans des domaines comme la santé et  l’éducation où le secteur privé ne s’aventure pas assez mais aussi dans d’autres  segments qui nécessitent des moyens financiers colossaux. La finalité étant  d'offrir des prestations «&lt;i&gt;world class&lt;/i&gt;» sans évidemment dilapider les  fonds publics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sans l’intervention de Temasek Holdings, le bras  d’investissement de son gouvernement, Singapour n’aurait pu permettre  l'émergence des services aéroportuaires et portuaires d’un si haut niveau. Idem  pour d’autres services comme les télécommunications, les lignes aériennes, les  laboratoires de recherche etc. Dubayy aussi emprunte cette voie. Ceci n’est pas  une apologie du dirigisme mais un bémol par rapport à ceux qui, comme l'avait  souligné John Kenneth Galbraith, «&lt;i&gt;make their graduate days last a  lifetime&lt;/i&gt;» et qui sont incapables d’appliquer leur connaissance et leur  savoir selon les conjonctures et les contextes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pourtant, lors d’une  visite il y a plus d’une quinzaine d’années chez nous, Lee Kuan Yew a bien  insisté sur le fait que Singapour n’ait aucun modèle à exporter auprès d’une  audience impressionnable et avide de formule TINA (There Is No Alternative).  Manifestement, le message n’est pas passé si on se réfère à la secte qui s’est  formée depuis autour de quelques technocrates messianiques. L'ouverture et la  démocratisation économique sont des objectifs gratifiants. Encore faut-il se  donner les moyens pour que l'élaboration du programme ne s'apparente pas à une  expérimentation motivée par le mimétisme et la médiocrité.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Effets  pervers&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Quelques initiatives, aussi louables et pertinentes qu'elles  puissent être en théorie, ne constituent pas une stratégie. Sans faire preuve de  la «&lt;i&gt;lateral thinkin&lt;/i&gt;g» chère à Edward de Bono – c'est à dire la faculté de  déconstruire un système pour détecter ses liens intrinsèques et ensuite de  développer des solutions créatives pour connecter ces même liens dans un  mouvement fluide avec le moins d'obstacles visibles et invisibles possible –  nous ne faisons que délocaliser les goulots d'étranglement. Changer de schéma de  développement exige aussi que nous nous débarrassions du «syndrome de Palma  Road». Vous devez sûrement avoir maudit ces fameux ralentisseurs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nous  sommes dans une crise systémique et nous ne pouvons plus nous contenter de  fonctionner dans l'urgence avec une approche parcellaire sans aller à la source  de nos manquements. Face à un monde en mutation permanente où la précarité crée  de plus en plus d'angoisse chez les citoyens, l'Etat doit non seulement être un  réformateur permanent, il doit aussi avoir suffisamment de charisme pour être  coercitif quand il le faut et exprimer de l'empathie pour accompagner la  transition.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Comment peut-on envisager davantage d'ouverture économique  et de fusionner nos secteurs onshore et offshore pour devenir un centre  financier international sans une convergence macroéconomique avec les pays  «développés»? Les monnaies de Dubayy et de Hong Kong sont indexées au dollar  américain. Alors que la roupie mauricienne n’arrête pas de dégringoler face au  dollar américain – elle a perdu plus de 90% de sa valeur en trente années – le  dollar singapourien est devenu une monnaie internationale – il a gagné  entre-temps 40% avant de se stabiliser.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Il ne suffirait pas de  construire des &lt;i&gt;shopping malls&lt;/i&gt; (ce qui ravirait certes les promoteurs  fonciers) pour que Maurice devienne une plateforme de shopping. En sus des  visiteurs, les paradis du shopping puisent une bonne partie de leur clientèle  localement. Or, avec un pouvoir d’achat rongé inlassablement par la dépréciation  de la roupie, très peu de Mauriciens peuvent prétendre intégrer cette masse  critique primordiale à la rentabilité des enseignes internationales comme  Decathlon, Ikea ou Zara. N'évoquons même pas Jimmy Choo ou Prada.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Idem  pour d’autres plateformes comme celles de la santé et de l’éducation. Dans le  domaine des loisirs ou de la culture, où Maurice est un désert, Singapour attire  des artistes tels le Cirque du soleil ou Shakira. Il n’y a que les  «caddiemétristes», conditionnés par des statistiques schizophrènes surtout  lorsqu’elles sont calculées en roupies dévaluées, qui ne mesurent pas encore le  degré d’appauvrissement de la population mauricienne.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mis à part la  minorité qui se gave d’achat ostentatoire, la grande majorité est empêtrée dans  un piège de l’endettement qui ne laisse que des miettes comme revenu disponible.  Dans ces conditions, modifier les modalités qui compensent à peine l’érosion du  pouvoir d’achat relève de l’indécence. Aussi longtemps que le gouvernement ne  s'arme pas de l’audace requise pour mettre un terme à la politique délibérée de  dépréciation de la roupie, nous poursuivrons nos activités sur la «route de la  servitude». Le signal doit être sans appel.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nous avons un immense fossé  à combler au niveau de notre productivité. Maurice dans sa globalité doit  pouvoir offrir des biens et des services «&lt;i&gt;value for money&lt;/i&gt;», qu’il  s’agisse du fret, du loyer, ou de l’alimentation. Toute notre structure doit  être allégée. Il faut réduire drastiquement le coût de la vie des résidents et  le coût d’exploitation des entreprises. Notre compétitivité dépend de notre  prédisposition à l’innovation. Le fait que de plus en plus de Mauriciens soient  réfractaires aux mathématiques et à la langue anglaise, lingua franca de la  transmission des idées dans le «village global», n’arrange pas les choses.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Leadership éclairé&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Selon John Rose, le patron de Rolls-Royce,  les Singapouriens «s&lt;i&gt;pend all day thinking about how they can be smarter and  attract more people as they have no natural resources other than their  people&lt;/i&gt;». Effectivement, ils sont à la recherche de l'excellence (ce qui  sous-entend qu'ils ne s'extasient pas lorsqu'ils surclassent les burundais ou  les fidjiens par exemple dans des indices internationaux) dans tout ce qu'ils  entreprennent. Rien n'est laissé au hasard. Les dirigeants savent créer les  conditions pour permettre à un maximum de personnes de s'investir pleinement et  de ne pas sombrer dans l'indifférence et se limiter à une pensée à court terme,  dans la recherche de leur intérêt immédiat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les Singapouriens ont le  sentiment d’évoluer dans un environnement prévisible. Singapour prévoit une  croissance économique d'environ 15% et les employés anticipent une augmentation  de salaire. En revanche, d’après certains de nos «experts», Maurice doit tabler  sur une croissance d'environ quatre points supérieurs au 4% escompté pour faire  démarrer la machinerie et espérer absorber le chômage. Si 4% de croissance  équivaut à zéro de croissance, cela démontre l’ampleur des distorsions dans  notre économie.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Il n’est guère étonnant que pour s’adapter à la crise  asiatique de 1997, les Singapouriens étaient disposés, dans un élan de  responsabilité collective, à sacrifier une partie de leurs salaires avec la  conviction qu’aussitôt les nuages dissipés ils retrouveraient leur même niveau  de salaire. Contrairement au cynisme réciproque entre les Mauriciens et nos  élites en général, une relation de confiance s’est forgée entre le peuple  singapourien et leur gouvernement. Sans une synergie entre tous les partenaires,  il est impossible de concevoir un pays performant.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La métamorphose de  Singapour d’un pays du tiers monde en un pays de référence internationale dans  plusieurs domaines porte le sceau du leadership iconoclaste de Lee Kuan Yew. Les  théoriciens pourront déceler chez lui des concepts hybrides, du libéralisme  politique (John Locke) à l'ordre morale et la discipline (Confucius) en passant  par l’empirisme «trop de taxe tue la taxe» (ibn Khaldun). Il réconcilie le  postulat de Adam Smith par rapport au rôle visionnaire et anticipateur de  l'entrepreneur à celui de Karl Marx qui a rendu au travail sa plus-value.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lee Kuan Yew ne considère pas la démocratie d'abord comme un système politique, mais avant tout comme un système intellectuel qui façonne par étape  les us et coutumes de la société, lui attribuant ainsi une dimension  sociologique et psychologique. Pour la mise en oeuvre de son projet, il s'allie  à ceux qu'il identifie comme des agents de changement tout en traquant les  tentations corporatistes et ceux qui s'opposent à ses idées «par principe»  (c'est à dire ceux qui conçoivent le monde à travers un prisme idéologique qui  est souvent teinté d’eurocentrisme). Sans l’intelligence du contexte, ses  détracteurs ne pourront jamais jauger la pertinence de sa méthode.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pour  sortir de notre «cocon», il nous faut un leadership &lt;em&gt;hands on&lt;/em&gt; puisant  dans du savoir pluridisciplinaire, du flair et de la sagesse. Seule une  révolution de l'ethos mauricien peut inspirer un changement de paradigme pour  passer du «&lt;i&gt;bland leading bland&lt;/i&gt;» au cercle vertueux. Au lieu de  privilégier la superficialité et de contribuer au «&lt;i&gt;dumbing down&lt;/i&gt;»,  commercialité oblige, les mass média ont aussi un rôle crucial à incarner dans  cette quête.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-4511691131242988570?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/4511691131242988570/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2010/10/tigre-certes-mais-pas-en-papier.html#comment-form' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/4511691131242988570'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/4511691131242988570'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2010/10/tigre-certes-mais-pas-en-papier.html' title='Tigre certes mais pas de papier!'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-7722832196576467562</id><published>2010-04-05T00:36:00.053+04:00</published><updated>2010-12-26T09:53:49.897+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Whatever Happened to Our Brains</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;span&gt;"We are entering an age of complexity, diversity and collaboration in which skills like holistic thinking and critical analysis will be essential"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;Noreena Hertz,  globalisation thinker&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_59TU5M1GgrQ/S72a5kfjHOI/AAAAAAAAADo/6IBCCgP4T4M/s1600/6a00e008c4515188340133ec4ad4f5970b-450wi.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_59TU5M1GgrQ/S72a5kfjHOI/AAAAAAAAADo/6IBCCgP4T4M/s320/6a00e008c4515188340133ec4ad4f5970b-450wi.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5457688637282131170" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;What is the goal of an education system? Should we agree that basically it is  about grooming well-rounded citizens who can think critically, then our schools  would have roughly lived up to the criteria. That is until the tipping point  somewhere in the late 1970s or early 1980s when globalisation kick-started a  worldwide cut-throat competition to grab market shares.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since then, our  brawns have been under tremendous strain, while simultaneously, our brains have  not been blessed with the adequate training to cope with the fresh challenges  and seize the emerging opportunities. Merely echoing "world-class education" or  "knowledge hub" endlessly will certainly not allow us to measure up. As if the  whole world is chilling out watching us staging a sham named "Drool over how  smart Mauritius is".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A touchy issue like education calls for an approach  that is savvy. Without an intuitive understanding of systemic lapses, without  elaborating a strategy with all stages spelled out, without engaging all  stakeholders, barring the media darlings who ironically are rarely the least  pampered and influential, every reform proposal will remain an act of  self-deception and wish fulfilment and will eventually backlash.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Too many  children have already been left behind. The social timebomb has been ticking  louder and louder. Yet we played a deaf ear. Now we cannot afford to turn a  blind eye on widespread social ills, to a large extent the pitfalls of that  self-indulgence. The system is disproportionately skewed towards the  mightily-networked. It is no wonder that the capability-deprived gets so  mentally oppressed. In that context, the false consciousness to cheer the  alienated up through revenue generated by her own bets in the Gambling Industry  is insane.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The truth is that a synergy to address the root  causes of disenchantment - namely endemic discrimination, gaping social  inequalities and ever-declining purchasing power - is critical to upgrading our  human capital. More centrally, our education system needs to be overhauled.  Latest technologies have significantly modified the psyche of the new  generations. The approach to learning must be sexed up to accommodate  them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Learning by memorisation is unavoidable but its share must be  gradually scaled down to focus more on interactive play. This means that  students learn more through inquiry and research. The Reform group, a United  Kingdom-based think tank, warns that "exam-obsessed modules have created a  "learn and forget culture" - which is akin to using a sat-nav rather than  map-reading skills".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If properly implemented, experiential learning can  reap many benefits:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;it makes learning fun and that is not a negligible  asset when we know that boys, especially, lag behind because they tend to get  bored by too much emphasis on formal learning;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;it has the potential  to unleash education's ultimate objective: self-development through self- and  life-long learning;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;it creates a  critical bent of mind and integrates learning as t&lt;span&gt;he  transdisciplinary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; path&lt;/span&gt; urges&lt;span&gt; students to explore the  complexities of the world. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Education reform is hotly debated  worldwide. However few countries are being bold and innovative enough. Among  other suggestions, Mauritius is contemplating &lt;a href="http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2008/11/le-baccalaurat-international-comme.html"&gt;International Baccalaureate&lt;/a&gt; (IB)'s  Diploma Programme (DP) as an alternative to the obsolete Higher School  Certificate. That is laudable. IB is arguably among the best tested comprehensive methods so  far. The caveat is that most students will struggle to adjust to IB's  core skill requirements because IB is based on a creative mindset compared to  what traditional education actually feeds on.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That creative mindset can  only be acquired through a curriculum conducive to the development of the required  cognitive skills right from the start of schooling. Contrary to what is  generally assumed, IB is not limited to DP, it also steers Primary Years  Programme (PYP) and Middle Years Programme (MYP). It is no coincidence that, as  it braces itself to imprint its spirit onto globalisation, &lt;a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/CBSE-set-to-launch-international-syllabus-/articleshow/5695290.cms"&gt;India&lt;/a&gt; has vowed to  "detraumatise and internationalise learning" by modelling its education system  on IB.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As it shifts to experiential learning, Singapore is introducing  Kidz Haven in pre-primary schools to ease up the transition. Likewise, an  increasing number of schools around the world are embracing Montessori's ethos.  Academic skills must go hand-in-hand with social skills. Under mounting  peer-to-peer desocialisation, namely, bullying is on the loose. To rein in  unruly boys and mean girls, Canada has launched &lt;a href="http://www.rootsofempathy.org/"&gt;Roots of Empathy&lt;/a&gt;, a classroom  program aiming at "building caring and peaceful civil societies through the  development of empathy in children".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lately, two educational issues have  prompted a passionately contested tug of war. Some reactionaries even praise  "private tuition", a misnomer for extended-school-hours-made-compulsory. Merely  legislating against an ingrained practice, however absurd, is bound to backfire because it is very likely to be considered arbitrary. The  entire environment needs to be reengineered. This is how Doha Academy, a private  school, has managed to ban "private tuition" while still offering the  much-dreaded Certificate of Primary Education, for instance, and  thriving.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Next came Morisyen as teaching medium. Notwithstanding the  relevance of the use of mother tongue, does the fact that English language has  become a closed book to many undermine comprehension? If not, why then did the  shortcoming not arise decades before? A language is not a communication tool  only, it comes with the cultures it absorbs.  English language (jointly with its hybrid offshoots such as Hinglish, Chinglish,  Spanglish and Singlish), de facto global lingua franca, offers perspectives like no other language.  By letting it sink, we have opened the doors to the primacy of another language  that is importing parochialism instead.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To narrow the gap, the Mauritius  Broadcasting Corporation must air infinitely more cartoons, movies and shows in  English Language and/or English language subtitles. Watching celebrity chef  Nigella, for example, as she feasts over a tiramisu in her native tongue is  simply irresistible. Exposure is key. On another note, we must get  rid of the ethnic segregation we internalise early at school where the study of  Oriental languages merges with religious items. We must rather sit together to  share values, religious or else, to develop respect for the Other.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We  have yet to recognise and harness our unique and promising brand of cosmopolitanism.  Celebrating our diversity in itself is already a source of invaluable  creativity. National Geographic's tagline "&lt;a href="http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/live-curious"&gt;Live Curious&lt;/a&gt;" must go viral. Not in  terms of gossip-mongering though. But by allowing new ideas grow on us and  contribute to improve our well-being. No education reform will be complete without  the teaching profession regaining its sense of purpose to lure and  reward the best and most dedicated brains.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We do not know what the  future holds. What is sure is the world will be  different. We can only keep our fingers crossed until a  transformational leadership rescues us. But are we sufficiently alert to tell the misfit  between, say, Bernard Henri-Levy (that slick sophist hyped as a philosopher)  and Martha Nussbaum (a humanist thinker who sees herself as a global citizen),  or Carlos Slim (that telecoms monopolist currently world's wealthiest man) and  Vijay Mallya (a shrewd entrepreneur flying a premium airline from  a land not known to be particularly excellence-driven)?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-7722832196576467562?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/7722832196576467562/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2010/04/mauritius-building-vs-mauritius-busting.html#comment-form' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/7722832196576467562'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/7722832196576467562'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2010/04/mauritius-building-vs-mauritius-busting.html' title='Whatever Happened to Our Brains'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_59TU5M1GgrQ/S72a5kfjHOI/AAAAAAAAADo/6IBCCgP4T4M/s72-c/6a00e008c4515188340133ec4ad4f5970b-450wi.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-458585911888792639</id><published>2010-03-10T11:14:00.070+04:00</published><updated>2010-03-19T10:35:41.087+04:00</updated><title type='text'>L'art du bluff</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;A moins d'être imbu d'un penchant pour le masochisme, il serait rare le citoyen qui n'aspirerait pas à vivre dans une société qui, d'une part, éveille le sens de la responsabilité et de la collaboration et, d'autre part, brime l'instinct de la méfiance et de la confrontation. Ceci, bien évidemment, afin que l'intérêt général prime sur des affirmations trop cyniques pour être avouables. Quand l'émergence d'un réformateur devient une urgence palpable, nombreux sont ces imposteurs, arborant le costume du messie, qui se bousculent à l'approche des élections.  Hélas, ce triste sort n'épargne que trop peu de pays.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;S'il y a quelqu'un dans le paysage politique international d'aujourd'hui qui incarne le plus brillamment ce know-how c'est bien Nicholas Sarkozy, le président français.  Un leurre qui n'a pas échappé à la vigilance de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;a style="font-family: arial;" href="http://www.scienceshumaines.com/pourquoi-le-president-sarkozy-a-rate-ses-reformes_fr_24990.html"&gt;Pierre Cahuc et André Zylberberg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;, respectivement professeur d'économie à l'École polytechnique et directeur de recherches au Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS). Leur décryptage,  publié dans "Les réformes ratées du président Sarkozy", ne manque pas de pertinence par rapport à ce que Maurice subit.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Le réquisitoire n'est pas fondé sur un antagonisme primaire mais sur une analyse minutieuse  des faits. Ils écrivent sans ambages:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;"S'affichant comme un grand réformateur, Nicholas Sarkozy a jusqu'à présent davantage conforté que remis en cause les corporatismes. Il a conçu une méthode originale reposant sur deux principes : l'étouffement et la conciliation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;. En ouvrant constamment de nouveaux chantiers, Nicholas Sarkozy cherche à étouffer tous ses opposants réels ou supposés. Il maîtrise ainsi l'agenda des réformes tout en espérant saturer les capacités d'expertise et de résistance de ses adversaires. En revanche, lorsque les revendications catégorielles deviennent fortement médiatisées, il s'empresse de les satisfaire".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Certes, ce  ne sont pas la débauche d'énergie et la clairvoyance des blocages et des enjeux qui font défaut au président hyperactif. Comment expliquer alors cette incapacité à répondre &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;aux attentes et aux besoins réels des citoyens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;? Pierre Cahuc et André Zylberberg sont catégoriques, cela ne peut que découler d'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;un Parlement "sous influence". Plus précisément le poids des lobbies économiques qui dictent les politiques et réduisent la démocratie électorale à sa dimension la plus servile.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Pierre Cahuc et André Zylberberg &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;ne manquent pas, à l'image d'autres esprits avisés, de dresser le parallèle entre cette propension à envoyer des signaux contradictoires avant de cafouiller et les mesures préconisées par la Banque mondiale dans les pays émergents qui se soldent presqu'invariablement par un échec. Car la "réussite des réformes repose sur la qualité des institutions du pays qui les met en oeuvre et non sur les moyens octroyés par la Banque mondiale".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Le changement demeurera un fantasme aussi longtemps que les gouvernements, les citoyens et les médias mainstream restent "sous influence". D'autant plus quand les joutes électorales sont tellement délégitimées qu'aucun parti en liste ne mérite de gagner. Finalement, il incombe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt; aux citoyens de faire l'effort de distinguer entre la camelote et l'authentique. Qu'il s'agisse de leader, d'expertise ou de valeurs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-458585911888792639?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/458585911888792639/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2010/03/lart-du-bluff.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/458585911888792639'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/458585911888792639'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2010/03/lart-du-bluff.html' title='L&apos;art du bluff'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-2728326011940935478</id><published>2010-02-19T10:44:00.006+04:00</published><updated>2010-02-19T12:04:25.439+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Protest Note</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_59TU5M1GgrQ/S34zrC6AXiI/AAAAAAAAADg/rNyAgC4frH4/s1600-h/hindi_front.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 193px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_59TU5M1GgrQ/S34zrC6AXiI/AAAAAAAAADg/rNyAgC4frH4/s400/hindi_front.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5439842214517693986" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.5thpillar.org/"&gt;5th Pillar&lt;/a&gt;, a "Corruption Killer" seeking to "Encourage, Enable and Empower Every Citizen of India to Eliminate Corruption at All Levels of Society", has introduced a Zero Rupee Note. Citizens are expected to participate in this bid to curb endemic corruption at its roots by expressing their desolation through the note every time they are confronted with a bribe-prone situation. By modifying our attitudes, we step into the shoes of change agents in the process of reversing the depressing trend. Even if Mauritius cannot boast an icon of the stature of Mohandas Karamchand &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; Gandhi, should we not follow suit? Not without sparing ourselves the figure of the dodo or any other misfit in any event!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-2728326011940935478?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/2728326011940935478/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2010/02/protest-note.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/2728326011940935478'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/2728326011940935478'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2010/02/protest-note.html' title='Protest Note'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_59TU5M1GgrQ/S34zrC6AXiI/AAAAAAAAADg/rNyAgC4frH4/s72-c/hindi_front.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-4920528120799773289</id><published>2010-01-07T13:21:00.035+04:00</published><updated>2010-01-15T11:05:56.044+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Costa Rica Just Does Not Fake It</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="header"&gt;&lt;div class="left"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;What images would you associate Central America with? It would be rather unusual that endless jungle ambushes between narco-guerillas do not reel off. And how would you appreciate the findings of New Economics Foundation, a think-and-do tank, that the region also boasts a country with the &lt;a href="http://www.reuters.com/news/pictures/slideshow?articleId=USRTR28N51#a=15"&gt;happiest&lt;/a&gt; people in the world? Costa Rica, dubbed the Switzerland of Central America, does indeed top the "Happy Planet Index" which aggregates happiness, longevity and environmental impact.  It is unfortunate that Mauritius is not among the 143 nations surveyed. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By contrast with its war-torn neighbours, Costa Rica dissolved its armed forces in 1949 and instead invested heavily in education. Not only have Costa Ricans become more conversant in English language - the global lingua franca -, their country is also a leading exporter in micro chips. In addition, the far-sighted leadership has converted its gorgeous lush environment into a competitive asset.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;A carbon tax was introduced in 1997 and Miravelles geothermal power plant became operational in 1994. The &lt;a href="http://epi.yale.edu/Home"&gt;Environmental Performance Index&lt;/a&gt;, compiled jointly by Yale and Columbia Universities, places Costa Rica at No. 5 in the world. Mauritius ranks 58th. Costa Rica is an eco-tourism pioneer which is now cashing in on its pristine beaches and national parks. The "greenest" country in the world is also a reputed medical hub. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Another aspect of Costa Rica's breakthrough that deserves kudos is how remarkably policies implemented have contributed to close the gender inequality gap which is a critical component in national empowerment, welfare and stability. World Economic Forum's &lt;a href="http://www.weforum.org/pdf/gendergap/rankings2007.pdf"&gt;gender gap index&lt;/a&gt; ranks Costa Rica at the 28th position, above 51st France for instance despite all its posturing, while Mauritius trails at No. 85. Currently, 40% of the members of Costa Rica's Legislative Assembly are women.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="right"&gt;Costa Rica is not heaven on earth. Even if it has done relatively well in terms of containing poverty it urgently needs to curtail its gaping income inequality and reverse its inflationary economic expansion. Cross-country comparisons rarely do not trigger heated debates. However, Costa Rica's experience proves yet again that hallucination is the refuge of short-termist politicians while vision is the hallmark of truly great leaders.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;nyt_headline version="1.0" type=" "&gt;&lt;/nyt_headline&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-4920528120799773289?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/4920528120799773289/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2010/01/costa-rica-just-does-not-fake-it.html#comment-form' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/4920528120799773289'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/4920528120799773289'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2010/01/costa-rica-just-does-not-fake-it.html' title='Costa Rica Just Does Not Fake It'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-5823308788718538135</id><published>2010-01-06T13:46:00.012+04:00</published><updated>2010-01-06T15:33:16.415+04:00</updated><title type='text'>The Scar-Spangled Banner</title><content type='html'>&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span&gt;"We’re not smart as a nation. We don’t learn from the past, and  we don’t plan for the future. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;This is a society in deep, deep trouble and the fixes  currently in the works are in no way adequate to the enormous challenges we’re  facing.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;What’s needed are big new innovative  efforts to fashion an economy that creates jobs for all who want and need to  work&lt;/span&gt;. Just getting us back in fits and starts over the next few years to  where we were when downturn began should not be acceptable to anyone. We  should be moving now to invest aggressively in a new, greener economy, with the development of alternative fuels, advanced transportation  networks and the effort to restrain the poisoning of the planet. We should be  developing an industrial policy that emphasizes the need to regain  the manufacturing mojo, as tough as that might seem, and we need to rebuild our  infrastructure.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;The fault lies everywhere. The Government, the Opposition, the news media and the public are all to blame&lt;/span&gt;. Shared  sacrifice is not part of anyone’s program. Politicians can’t seem to tell the  difference between wasteful spending and investments in a more sustainable  future.  There is a  constant din of empty yapping about everything.&lt;/span&gt; Voters are primed at the beginning of every new mandate for fundamental changes that would have altered the trajectory of  life for the better. Politicians of all stripes, many of them catering to the nation’s moneyed interests, fouled that up to a fare-thee-well".&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;I swear few Dodolanders would not relate to this "uneasy feeling&lt;span&gt;"&lt;/span&gt; expressed (in an edited version above) by New York Times' alert columnist, &lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/05/opinion/05herbert.html"&gt;Bob Herbert&lt;/a&gt;.  If the United States is feeling the pinch of global capitalism, I wonder for how long can we afford  watching reality through tainted lenses.&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-5823308788718538135?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/5823308788718538135/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2010/01/scar-spangled-banner.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/5823308788718538135'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/5823308788718538135'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2010/01/scar-spangled-banner.html' title='The Scar-Spangled Banner'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-8442237404157633317</id><published>2010-01-05T13:52:00.006+04:00</published><updated>2010-01-05T19:50:03.783+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Interview de Mauritius Times en juin 2007</title><content type='html'>&lt;style&gt;&lt;/style&gt;&lt;style&gt;&lt;/style&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span  lang="FR" style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:12;"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:12;"  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;Mauritius  Times: Le ministre des Finances présente son second budget vendredi prochain. Il  dit qu’il n’est pas magicien mais il a probablement une meilleure marge de  manœuvre cette année-ci pour s’assurer que les classes démunies et moyennes ne  vont pas de mal en pire. Qu’en pensez-vous ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;&lt;u1:p&gt; &lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;Samad  Ramoly:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt; Tout d’abord, je tiens à situer  le contexte de l’action gouvernementale. Si on se fie à certaines voix  catastrophistes, la concurrence internationale ne débarque chez nous  qu'aujourd'hui et elle nous touche de manière plus brutale que d’autres pays.  Bien qu’elle soit plus agressive maintenant, la tendance vers plus de  libre-échange, donc moins de protectionnisme, était une évidence depuis  longtemps. Sauf que nous nous sommes endormis, croyant, naïvement peut-être, que  la générosité de nos “pays amis” est sans limite. Le plus grand drame est que  nos gouvernements successifs n’ont pas su profiter du “&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;feel-good factor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;” de notre “&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Roaring Eighties&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;” pour déconstruire notre  modèle de développement, identifier nos faiblesses ainsi que nos atouts et, plus  concrètement, appliquer des mesures qui nous permettent de nous positionner par  rapport à l’avenir. La tâche est beaucoup plus ardue  maintenant que la  crispation est quasiment généralisée.&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;Le gouvernement actuel hérite certes d’une situation peu enviable.  Mais s’il est au pouvoir, c’est bien pour apporter des solutions à nos  problèmes. En tout cas, la recherche systématique du bouc émissaire est loin de  démontrer les aptitudes requises. Je me sens moins interpellé par ce qu’un  gouvernement dit que par ce qu’il fait. Pour revenir à votre question, je pense  que si le gouvernement, car il s’agit du budget du gouvernement et non pas  seulement celui du ministère des Finances, est suffisamment créatif, il saura  jauger les enjeux et recentrer son approche – dans l’hypothèse qu’il ait fait  son autocritique. Je trouve aussi réducteur de ramener l’action gouvernementale  au seul discours du budget. Le pays a besoin d’un gouvernement qui réfléchit et  agit sans arrêt dans l’intérêt général tout en accompagnant les plus vulnérables  de notre société, pas les mieux lotis. Notre compétitivité dépend effectivement  de notre capacité à réformer tous les secteurs sans distinction. Réformer ne  peut être une action ponctuelle mais une démarche dynamique car le temps pendant  lequel nous modifions quelque chose, la mondialisation impose d’autres  contraintes ou crée d’autres opportunités. &lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;* M. Sithanen a  également affirmé qu’il allait se ridiculiser s’il ne maintenait pas le cap de  la réforme enclenchée l’année dernière, et que de toutes façons il n’y a pas  d’autres d’alternatives. Est-ce aussi votre avis?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;&lt;u1:p&gt; &lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;-- Ce serait ridicule pour un  gouvernement qui veut “réformer” mais qui n’entend pas “réformer” sa méthode et  qui finalement aliène pratiquement tous les &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;stakeholders&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. Aucune personne dotée d’un  minimum de bon sens ne contestera le fait que, pour intégrer un environnement en  mutation constante, il faut absolument se transformer pour s’adapter. Par  contre, prétendre qu’il y a une seule alternative pour y arriver relèverait  paradoxalement de la magie. La situation est bien entendu beaucoup plus complexe  que cela. Une situation de crise exige un leadership éclairé. Or, que  voyons-nous ? Quelques mesures qui suivent les recommandations conventionnelles  et insipides du Fonds monétaire international. Il ne faut pas oublier que  l’argent que cette institution nous prête appartient à des contribuables  américains, européens, etc. Donc, elle doit s’assurer que le remboursement soit  sécurisé. Cela dans une perspective de court à moyen terme, pas de long terme.   Et quelle est la voie la plus expéditive? Taxer au maximum les contribuables des  pays-clients de cette “Aid Industry” pour remplir les caisses de l’Etat bien  sûr! Il ne serait pas exagéré de postuler que le gouvernement peut réduire  drastiquement ses dépenses s’il s’attelle vraiment à allouer judicieusement nos  ressources financières. Sans une discipline fiscale rigoureuse, par rapport aux  différents contrats d'approvisionnement ou de développement entre autres, le  citoyen-contribuable et l’Etat-Providence seront les victimes expiatoires  pendant longtemps encore. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;* A quoi  s’attend-on ? Qu’il dévie par rapport à la taxe sur les propriétés, la taxe sur  les épargnes, la réduction des bénéfices aux petits planteurs et la taxe sur les  grosses fortunes, bref ce qui a provoqué un profond malaise l’an dernier.  N’est-ce pas ?&lt;u1:p&gt; &lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;-- Je pense sincèrement que  presque partout où le gouvernement intervient il y a une propension à mettre la  charrue devant les boeufs. Est-ce parce que le vent du &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;sanzman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; s'est transformé en vent de  panique? Est-ce le reflet d’un manque de volonté ou de compétence? Je n’en sais  rien. Ce qui est clair toutefois, c’est que le gouvernement est incapable  d’introduire des mesures qui suscitent l’adhésion des &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;stakeholders &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;dans son ensemble&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;Pourquoi les gens résistent-ils autant  alors que le gouvernement prétend agir dans leur intérêt? Aussi longtemps que le  gouvernement ne se pose pas cette question, je ne vois pas comment nous  avancerons. Il est fort probable que les Mauriciens perçoivent, à juste titre le  plus souvent, que le gouvernement leur impose arbitrairement ses politiques. Ils  semblent avoir intériorisé un mépris de la part de nos gouvernements successifs.  Tout cela n'est pas irréversible mais je vous le répète : il y a l'urgence d'un  leadership capable d'interpréter intuitivement le comportement des différents  acteurs, de leur expliquer pourquoi il faut changer leurs mentalités, de leur  montrer la destination où nous voulons aller, de leur exposer clairement, sans  relâche comment nous y parviendrons et plus fondamentalement tracer la voie et  créer le climat propice tout en donnant l'exemple. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  &gt;Bref, il  faut &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;manage&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; le changement.&lt;u1:p&gt;  &lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;* Le ministre  des Finances dous dit aussi que consolider les réformes (se préoccuper des  problèmes économiques et structurels liés au déficit budgétaire et à la dette  publique) prendrait au moins 5 à 6 ans ; entre temps une nouvelle configuration  économique aurait émergé ! Comment y réagissez-vous ?  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;-- Je peux comprendre qu'il y ait  beaucoup de blocages systémiques mais nous avons accusé trop de retard pour nous  fixer un objectif aussi lointain. Là-dessus il n'y a pas d'autres alternatives;  il faut prendre les taureaux par les cornes.  Ce gouvernement est au pouvoir  depuis deux années et je ne pense pas que le public en général est impressionné  par la lutte qu’il aspire à livrer contre les largesses, le gaspillage et la  corruption. La transparence doit être de mise mais la loi sur la “&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Freedom of Information&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;” se fait toujours  attendre. J'espère aussi que le gouvernement va promulguer une loi pour  réglementer le financement privé des élections avant la fin de son mandat. Le  Chili est cité en exemple pour sa législation “révolutionnaire” dans ce sens  tout comme dans l'allocation des contrats publics. Ce serait aussi très  important de passer par des appels de candidature pour n’importe quel poste  “executive”. Ceux qui sont appelés à occuper ces postes ou ceux de “chairman”  selon les régimes en place devraient démissionner dès que la date des élections  est annoncée, quitte à retrouver les postes après.&lt;u1:p&gt;  &lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;* Les  négociations Govt/MASPA concernant les terres sucrières et l’actionnariat dans  l’industrie sucrière (impliquant les petits planteurs, laboureurs, artisans),  sont censées ouvrir la voie à ‘a new economic partnership). Comment devrait être  cette composante de distribution ou de parité pour atteindre les objectifs  économiques à court ou long terme ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;--  L'ouverture de l'actionnariat et l'&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;equity  participation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; des employés et d'autres partenaires dans n'importe  quelle entreprise sont des incitations essentielles à l'identification de toutes  les parties dans un projet commun. Je vous avoue mon incapacité à vous proposer  mon avis sur l'aspect plus technique. Mais je ne pense pas que ce soit vraiment  démocratique que l’Etat choisisse de favoriser une compensation disproportionnée  à un secteur par rapport à un autre. Les entrepreneurs et les employés d’autres  secteurs en difficulté, sont-ils moins citoyens? Les ouvrières de la zone  franche par exemple qui sont laissées à elles-mêmes après plusieurs années de  dur labeur. Les gens ne protestent pas contre les discriminations subtiles  qu’ils subissent au quotidien, mais ils finissent par exploser lorsqu’ils ne  canalisent pas physiquement leur frustration. &lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;* Ces  négociations sont vues comme le fondement vers une modernisation de l’économie.  Est-ce que le transfert des terres et la parité sont des conditions suffisantes  et essentielles pour cette modernisation ?&lt;u1:p&gt; &lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;-- Je ne suis par sûr que la base  même de ces “négociations” soit la plus pertinente. Si nous voulons vraiment  moderniser, il faudrait penser de manière plus globale. Notre superficie est  trop limitée pour concevoir une stratégie autour du seul secteur sucrier, ou  cannier peu importe. D'ailleurs notre économie est aujourd'hui nettement plus  diversifiée qu'il y a une trentaine d'années. Il faudrait d'abord savoir où nous  voulons aller et définir clairement nos aspirations. Bien ! en essayant de  décoder, nous voulons créer une île intelligente qui s'articule autour du  tourisme, de la technologie informatique, du service financier, d'un secteur  manufacturier agro-alimentaire, de ressources marines ou autre etc. Notre  stratégie future et l'aménagement de notre territoire devraient plutôt  s'articuler autour de tous ces secteurs aussi bien qu'autour de nos futurs  besoins d’infrastructures, sociaux et de loisirs. J'estime d'autre part qu'il  aurait été plus efficace d'utiliser le fond européen d'accompagnement dans cette  optique. Il est dommage que le projet laitier Creambell tombe à l’eau.  Souhaitons que le projet puisse trouver un autre promoteur. Face à la  concurrence internationale, nous n’avons pas d’autres options que de cibler les  marchés niches. Cependant je n’arrive pas à comprendre pourquoi le gouvernement  encourage la culture hydroponique alors que dans nos marchés potentiels le  mouvement “Slow food” de Carlo Petrini se répand, suscitant ainsi une demande  croissante pour les produits plus bio et moins aseptisés.&lt;u1:p&gt;  &lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;* Prévisions  nécessaires ( en matière de politique gouvernementale), et dialogue  indispensable (entre le gouvernement et le secteur privé), comme le souhaitaient  les représentants de JEC ont été  approuvés par le ministre Sithanen.  Considéreriez-vous le gouvernement d’avoir été imprévisible ?&lt;u1:p&gt;  &lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;-- Il serait injuste d'attribuer  le manque de prévisibilité dans l'action gouvernementale au gouvernement présent  uniquement. Je suppose que ceci perdure par déficit d'anticipation et de vision  pour orienter le pays. N'empêche que, dans le fond, le manque de prévisibilité  affecte grandement notre compétitivité dans la mesure où il plombe la prime de  risque d'une entreprise. Il exacerbe aussi la crise de confiance des  particuliers. Ceux qui avaient souscrit à des placements financiers et  immobiliers ou des polices d'assurance pour bénéficier des abattements fiscaux  savent de quoi je parle. Pour ce qui est du “dialogue”, je pense aussi que le  gouvernement doit maintenir une communication avec tous les &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;stakeholders. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;En ce qu'il s'agit du  dialogue que prône le JEC, j'ai du mal à le cerner. S'agit-il du genre de  dialogue qui influence les &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;policies  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;pour satisfaire des intérêts spécifiques? Si c'est le cas, cela  évoque plus le “&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;crony  capitalism&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;”. C'est peut-être ce “dialogue” qui a isolé et refroidi  Suzlon, leader mondial dans le domaine de l'énergie éolienne, qui était disposé  à investir chez nous avec des capitaux propres sans quémander le moindre  privilège mais au nom de l'entrepreneuriat. J'estime qu'il n'est pas trop tard,  que le Premier ministre toujours utilise sa touche personnelle pour prier New  Delhi de convaincre Suzlon à re-activer son implantation. Cela permettrait aussi  d'encourager la concurrence, pour le plus grand bonheur des chantres de la  “passivité” de l'Etat, n'est-ce pas, et pourquoi pas, rendre caducs les accords  signés en catimini. Les ménages et les entreprises auront ainsi une possibilité  de constater la véritable “vérité des prix”. Je me demande au nom de quelle  logique, surtout en pleine mondialisation, devrons-nous nous culpabiliser  lorsqu'une société étrangère mais plus citoyenne et performante conquiert une  part du marché monopolisé par une société mauricienne, disons manifestement  moins citoyenne et performante, pour rester politiquement correct. Je pense que  le JEC serait plus sage de lancer une séance de brainstorming afin de méditer  sur le lien entre sa “représentativité” et la multiplication des Chambres de  commerce ethniques et les milliers d'entrepreneurs, petits, moyens, gros,  locaux, étrangers, noirs, marrons, blancs ou jaunes qui s'affairent à fructifier  leurs business sans tambour ni trompette en démarchant des clients niches  localement et à l'extérieur.&lt;u1:p&gt; &lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;* Quelques  porte-paroles du secteur privé s’étaient plaints de démarche imprévisible de la  part du gouvernement mais il semble bien que les initiatives du gouvernement  soient stratégiques : requête pour des terres sucrières, ouvertures des groupes  industriels sucriers aux planteurs et fonctionnaires et bientôt « Competition  Bill «  et « Equal Opportunities Bill ». Y voyez-vous un fil conducteur  ici ?&lt;u1:p&gt; &lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;-- J'entrevois un gouvernement qui  se montre incohérent dans la formulation de ses politiques. Une telle approche  le retranche dans une posture qui le pousse à être réactif. Si ses politiques  étaient mieux ficelées et s'il était proactif, il aurait pu éviter d'être  bêtement critiqué pour une “politique vengeresse”. Pour ce qui est de la  “&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Competition Bill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;” et l'”&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Equal Opportunities Bill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;”, j'ai peur que,  si elles sont appliquées de manière zélée dans l'espoir légitime de réguler les  marchés afin de prévenir les déséquilibres qui pourraient dériver d’un  “laisser-faire” excessif, elles risquent d'être contre-productives. Aussi ne  suffit-il pas d'avoir des lois, encore faut-il avoir des personnes compétentes  et intègres pour siéger au sein des commissions régulatrices. Il serait  souhaitable d'avoir recours à l'expertise étrangère, des Canadiens par exemple  qui ont le régulateur de la concurrence parmi les plus respectés, pour assister  leurs collègues mauriciens. Par contre le gouvernement a raison de ne pas  “dialoguer” avec les   entrepreneurs sur la “&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Competition Bill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;”. Ce qui épargnerait   certains secteurs d'être “&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;exempted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;” comme c'était le cas avec la  première copie sous le gouvernement précédent. Qu'un homme d'affaires peu  scrupuleux tente d'amadouer des personnes du gouvernement pour détourner les  &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;policies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; en sa faveur est certes  condamnable, mais ce qui est plus dramatique c'est lorsqu'il y parvient et que  cela se banalise. Quand l'Etat ne joue plus son rôle d'arbitre, toutes les  dérives sont possibles.&lt;u1:p&gt; &lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;* Des experts  suggèrent que la démocratisation de l’économie ne devrait pas être notre  priorité en cette phase de transition économique, et que la concentration du  pouvoir économique est partout prévalente. Votre opinion ?&lt;u1:p&gt;  &lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;-- A quoi sert-il de s’attarder  sur des &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;opinion spinners&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; qui sont  tellement immergés dans leur statut de groupies qu’ils ne se rendent même pas  compte des énormités qu’ils débitent? Par contre je peux comprendre ceux qui ont  du mal à suivre la rhétorique gouvernementale. Pour moi le gouvernement aurait  dû s’inspirer du Remaking Singapore Committee (RSC) et du Economic Review  Committee (ERC). Le RSC est chargée de stimuler une interaction entre le  gouvernement, le monde des affaires et la société civile. Il consiste de  plusieurs comités et sous-comités où siègent des personnes de différents  horizons et plus essentiellement des représentants des ministères clés. Les  différentes perspectives qui se confrontent permettent de faire remonter des  informations du monde réel. Les suggestions sont ensuite intégrées aux  recherches de l’ERC qui formule les stratégies économiques de Singapour. Ainsi  la Commission de la démocratisation économique, l’Empowerment Committee et le  NESC fusionneraient en une seule entité qui serait en liaison avec une &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;policy unit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; composée de cerveaux capables  de véritablement “&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;think outside the  box&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;”. Sans un plan d’action et une synergie entre tous les &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;stakeholders&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; et tous les ministères je ne  vois pas comment nous pourrons ré-inventer le pays. Nous ne pouvons pas  continuer à nous comparer à des pays qui sont dans une plus mauvaise posture que  nous. Au contraire nous devons nous frotter avec les meilleurs dans tous les  domaines. L’excellence est la seule voie. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;* Au fait, le  temps n’est-il pas propice pour le gouvernement pour négocier un “new deal” avec  le secteur privé, cela en vue de créer un secteur privé plus dynamique et ouvert  à un plus grand nombre d’entrepreneurs?&lt;u1:p&gt; &lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoBodyText" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;-- Au lieu de débattre sur la  justesse de la démocratisation économique, je pense qu’il serait plus approprié  de promouvoir la liberté économique. Il faudrait d’abord veiller à ce que les  entrepreneurs évoluent tous sur un &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;level  playing field &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;avec des règles bien définies qui ne changent pas du  jour au lendemain. Je pense que seulement ceux qui ne jurent que par des rentes  de situation qui y verront un inconvénient. Comment peut-on “démocratiser” avec  une croissance inflationniste? Il est réconfortant d’avoir enfin un gouverneur  de la Banque centrale qui semble avoir compris que dans une économie ouverte la  &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;depreciation-bias&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; est suicidaire  et que la &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;stability-bias, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;sans  être une panacée, est une condition primordiale pour stimuler un cycle vertueux.  Comment encourager l’innovation lorsque la propriété intellectuelle n’est pas  bien protégée? Comment faciliter les opérations avec une bureaucratie aussi  lourde et un marché des capitaux si peu aventureux? La concurrence est le  meilleur moyen pour favoriser l’émergence d’un marché dynamique. Comme elle  n’est jamais pure, il faut repérer les &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;incentives&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; et &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;disincentives &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;qui encouragent et  découragent la compétition et l’ouverture. Prenons le cas d’un secteur porteur:  le tourisme. Les spécialistes s’accordent sur un point, le package &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;all-inclusive &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;n’est&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;pas&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;une motivation pour le touriste pour dépenser en dehors de l’hôtel.  Comment lui donner une incitation pour acheter son billet d’avion séparément de  son &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;bed &amp;amp; breakfast&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;?&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;S’il part de Paris par exemple, il se  rendra compte qu’il n’y a pas une grande différence entre acheter son billet  séparément de son package ou acheter le &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;all-inclusive.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; Ce qui sous-entend qu’il y  a un écart important entre le prix de gros et le prix au&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;détail du billet d’avion. Depuis  l’arrivée d’autres lignes sur le marché, avec des offres plus alléchantes, les  hôteliers ont naturellement changé d’allégeance. Les résultats des groupes  hôteliers et Air Mauritius parlent d’eux-mêmes. En réduisant l’écart entre le  détail et le gros, Air Mauritius  pourra davantage capter la clientèle  grandissante qui “&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;click and hop&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;”,  il peut aussi entraîner plus d’achats &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;bed  &amp;amp; breakfast&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. D’autre part, si les rumeurs qui circulent à l’effet  que Emirates, qui ambitionne à devenir le numéro un mondial, serait intéressée  pour acheter des actions au sein de Air Mauritius sont fondées, je pense que Air  Mauritius doit saisir cette opportunité avant que son pouvoir de marchandage ne  s’effrite trop. De telles alliances avec aussi, pourquoi pas, Cathay Pacific  (Extrême-Orient) et Easy Jet (intra_Europe) augmenteront les possibilités de  connexion en plus d’être une aubaine en termes de transfert de  savoir-faire.&lt;u1:p&gt; &lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="" align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;* Dans une  récente interview, Rajiv Servansingh, ancien secrétaire général adjoint à la  Chambre de Commerce, a formulé cette requête : la mise sur pied d’un « market  for corporate control », c.a.d., des institutions régulatrices en vue de la  transparence et des pratiques compétitives sur le marché, et que le gouvernement  consolide sa capacité humaine et institutionnelle -- ceci pour créer une  économie dynamique et compétitive. Pensez-vous que nous pouvons atteindre ces  objectifs essentiels d’une autre manière ?  &lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="FR" &gt;-- Je partage ce point de vue. La  réussite d’un pays dépend de la capacité de ses dirigeants à satisfaire les  exigences de ces trois axes: la confiance, la connexion et la récompense. Il  suffit qu’un seul axe soit négligé pour que le système vacille. La confiance  s'installe lorsque les institutions garantissent une &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;rule of law&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; suffisamment forte afin que  les résidents soient convaincus que leurs droits sociaux et économiques sont  bien sauvegardés. Cela concerne la police, le judiciaire, les instances  régulatrices, le parlement, etc. Le rapport du NESC nous rafraîchira la mémoire  bientôt. La connexion se réfère à l'accessibilté et la fluidité des différents  réseaux qui permettent aux résidents de  se connecter entre eux et avec  l'extérieur, d'avoir accès aux services essentiels etc. Cela concerne  l'aéroport, le port, les routes, les lignes téléphoniques, les moyens de  transport, la fourniture d'eau et de l'électricité, l'éducation, etc.  Dans ce  domaine la demande a été larguée par l'offre au fil des années. Le gouvernement  devra agir beaucoup plus vite pour combler ces inadéquations si nous ne voulons  pas être complètement débordés par la mondialisation et l'arrivée de deux fois  plus de touristes.  La démotivation de nos ressources humaines est très  inquiétante. Elle démontre entre autres que l'effort consenti n'est pas assez  récompensé. Comme quoi vouloir la croissance économique à tout prix sans se  soucier de la monopolisation des ressources peut nous mener dans une impasse !   Pour revenir à l'ouvrière de la zone franche, sans doute l'emblème du “mirage  mauricien”, elle qui disposait pendant ses premières années d'un revenu  disponible en tant que célibataire habitant chez ses parents se retrouve  aujourd'hui mère de famille avec un revenu inlassablement grignoté par  l'inflation importée.  Pour corser sa dignité, parce qu'elle ne souhaite plus  travailler dans de telles conditions, on la traite de tous les noms tout en la  remplaçant par des ouvrières étrangères. Il faut espérer que le nouveau modèle  de développement qu'on nous promet soit disons moins cruel. Selon Jack Welch,  l'ancien patron de General Electric, dans tout système 70% des gens sont  disposés à s'embarquer sur un projet, du moment qu'ils sont convaincus de son  authenticité. 10% sont des agents du changement qui prennent l'initiative pour  faire évoluer les choses. Les 20% restants font partie d'une force conservatrice  qui milite pour le statu quo tout en se parant de l'uniforme du soldat car le  système vicié sert leurs intérêts. Jack Welch recommande à tout leader éclairé  de les identifier et de les chasser car ils finiront par corrompre tout le  système. Les proportions peuvent certes varier selon les contextes mais la  vigilance citoyenne doit rester de mise afin de diluer les énergies  corporatistes et de s'assurer que nos gouvernements soient toujours l&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;ean&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;clean&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; et &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;green.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  &lt;u1:p&gt; &lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-8442237404157633317?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/8442237404157633317/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2010/01/interview-de-mauritius-times-en-juin.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/8442237404157633317'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/8442237404157633317'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2010/01/interview-de-mauritius-times-en-juin.html' title='Interview de Mauritius Times en juin 2007'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-6923949453686367263</id><published>2009-12-30T21:28:00.004+04:00</published><updated>2011-05-23T15:21:24.350+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Jack Bizlall Voted Mauritian of the Decade</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;OK the sample is not "scientific" - whatever that may denote. So what? We are all too aware of how cynically crony capitalism promotes its heroes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="width: 100%;" id="rootCont"&gt; &lt;div class="questionText"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;table style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 100%;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"&gt; &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);" class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Gilbert Ahnee"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Gilbert Ahnee&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Gilbert Ahnee"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;  1 (5%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="resultBar" title="Gilbert Ahnee" style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; z-index: -1; width: 5%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);" class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Navin Ramgoolam"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Navin Ramgoolam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Navin Ramgoolam"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;  1 (5%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="resultBar" title="Navin Ramgoolam" style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; z-index: -1; width: 5%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);" class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Nita Deerpalsing"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Nita Deerpalsing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Nita Deerpalsing"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;  1 (5%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="resultBar" title="Nita Deerpalsing" style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; z-index: -1; width: 5%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);" class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Ashok Subron"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Ashok Subron&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Ashok Subron"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;  4 (22%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="resultBar" title="Ashok Subron" style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; z-index: -1; width: 22%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);" class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Paul Bérenger"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Paul Bérenger&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Paul Bérenger"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;  0 (0%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);" class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Cassam Uteem"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Cassam Uteem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Cassam Uteem"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;  0 (0%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);" class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Jack Bizlall"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Jack Bizlall&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Jack Bizlall"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;  8 (44%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="resultBar" title="Jack Bizlall" style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; z-index: -1; width: 44%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);" class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="François Woo"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;François Woo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="François Woo"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;  2 (11%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="resultBar" title="François Woo" style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; z-index: -1; width: 11%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);" class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Dawood Rawat"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Dawood Rawat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Dawood Rawat"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;  1 (5%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="resultBar" title="Dawood Rawat" style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; z-index: -1; width: 5%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);" class="answerText"&gt;&lt;div title="Satyadev Tengur"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Satyadev Tengur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td style="margin-top: 2px; padding-top: 2px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"&gt;&lt;div style="position: relative; z-index: 0;"&gt;&lt;div class="resultText" title="Satyadev Tengur"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;  0 (0%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="pollStats"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-size:85%;" &gt;Votes:  18  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is indeed very unlikely that Jack Bizlall and Ashok Subron do not represent, in the eyes of a citizenry aspiring to something else than&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; roder-boutisme&lt;/span&gt;, the most dedicated and vocal change agency. For the country to regain its shine, progressive Mauritians can only pray that grassroot initiatives continue to gather momentum until high-profile politicians, entrepreneurs and thinkers join the movement to drive a well-deserved&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; sanzman&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-6923949453686367263?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/6923949453686367263/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/12/jack-bizlall-voted-mauritian-of-decade.html#comment-form' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/6923949453686367263'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/6923949453686367263'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/12/jack-bizlall-voted-mauritian-of-decade.html' title='Jack Bizlall Voted Mauritian of the Decade'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-6800038807969421049</id><published>2009-12-28T17:38:00.007+04:00</published><updated>2009-12-28T18:25:07.848+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Sanzman, You Must be Kidding!</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The purpose of this article is not to impute motives to the running government, but to attempt to detect in its decision-making and its actions, the least indication of coherence in its mission to “democratise the economy”. Assuming, of course, that such a policy - expressed in less pompous terms - fulfils a twofold need: more freedom for enterprise and the pursuit of economic goals, and better distribution of the wealth generated.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Following the ritual change of government in our “electocracy”, with the measures of “the first hundred days” as a bonus, one could feel an almost palpable enthusiasm among the Mauritian population. Instead of taking advantage of that renewed surge of energy to propel Mauritius on the road to change - which would have made strategic sense - some budgetary measures have not only undermined the trust of the population, but also revived their cynicism.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The targeting of subsidies on flour, the distribution of bread to school children or even examination fees could probably be justified, provided that, before applying such measures, some equitable methodology had been devised to ensure that the beneficiaries are clearly identified, so that the new subsidies could take effect simultaneously with the suppression of the old ones.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;As for the tax on housing, even if one considers that the surface area of Mauritius is too small for the rural/urban dichotomy to persist, it would have been better, first, to draw up a complete cadastre and to make sure that the services offered by the local authorities are of the same standard, before applying such measures. Failing to anticipate the furore caused by such misguided actions reveals an embarrassing lack of realism.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;After so many years of self-indulgence, the entire population must have been relieved to hear the government speak of breaking with the past – even if this change is due to the world economic situation – with a development plan based on preferential trade agreements. It is still clear, however, that the stated objective of “modernisation” has not been defined after hard thinking, leading to an action plan deprived of local privileges and spread over several years.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;There are many alternatives&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The solution to a complex economic situation cannot be found in an a one-off “structural adjustment” along the lines of the “Washington Consensus”, taking into account only the “economic fundamentals” and a few dogmas. That is a view shared by many observers, such as Michael Porter, the competitiveness guru from Harvard University and Bill Lewis, the productivity guru from of McKinsey &amp;amp; Co, neither of whom could be considered “neoliberal’ or “antiglobalisation”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Mauritius must be comprehensively reformed; there is no contention about that, but not for reform’s sake. When faced with tremendous challenges, one does not gullibly apply doctrines, but searches for innovative solutions. John Kenneth Galbraith, author of “The Affluent Society”, famously said that mainstream economists “are economical, among other things, of ideas”. Obviously, to those equipped with a similar mindset, there can only be one alternative for transforming the country.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;In contrast, iconoclastic economists such as Steven Levitt, author of that must-read “Freakonomics”, Gary Becker and Edmund Phelps provide us with so much more stimulating analysis. As a matter of fact, the latter has recently been awarded the Nobel Prize in economics, for having shown how absurd it is to bet on a trade-off between inflation and job creation to devise economic policy, without any thought for the behaviour of market participants.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The last government lost the elections, so it said, because communication regarding its performance, which it qualified as “extraordinary”, failed to convince. So, guess why Mauritians now turn their backs on the resolutely “reformist” policies of the present government? Poor communication, of course! It’s so much easier to attribute the lack of vision in government actions to the supposedly “irrational” behaviour of those who do not accept them. Yet, as long as the Mauritian people are not convinced that a real project for a future society has been designed for their benefit, they are not going to “tighten their belts” in the hope that the situation will eventually improve.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;As the government finds it more and more difficult to make ends meet, taxpayers have been exhorted to sacrifice the social benefits awarded by the Welfare State, and which are already much below their expectations in sectors such as housing, education and health. Moreover, the so-called benefits do not include a decent minimum wage or an unemployment benefit or insurance as in more developed economies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;It is not the Welfare State, as such, but the incompetence of each successive government that must be held responsible for this fiscal fiasco. Reducing wastage in government spending would require a measure of decency and something like a “cost killer” a la Carlos Ghosn, the emblematic leader of Nissan’s renaissance, to track down any misuse of public funds in the allocation of contracts, for instance. Talking about the reality of market prices does not mean condoning a mercantile mentality.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;This casual approach lies behind the proposal for a toll at the entrance of Port Louis, in order to relieve traffic congestion. Assuming that the proposed bus lane coming from the south could possibly offer a choice to motorists, what about commuters from the north where no bus lane is on the agenda, for example? An action derives its nature from context and timing that determine whether it is perceived as progressive or arbitrary.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The same applies to the additional pressure upon our rupee, in which a lot of people seem to have already lost confidence anyway, since the introduction of a tax on interest at source, and the abolition of deductions from taxes payable by individuals. As for the appeal to foreign currency holders to convert their money in order to stabilise the market in the name of “patriotism”, it is part of the emergency calls our successive governments shamelessly impose on us after their blunders.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Blind Faith&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The relative stability of the rupee over a short period is attributed to the fact that “the former government used monetary policy for political purposes.” This means that the massive depreciation of the rupee was what the present government wanted. Not at all surprising when we know that a “competitive currency”, a euphemism for “painless” depreciation, is one of the ingredients of the universal remedy every star pupil of the World Bank or of the International Monetary Fund has been taught to concoct, regardless of the vicious circle it creates and perpetuates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Stephen Roach, an analyst from Morgan Stanley, accuses his colleagues of behaving more like “data junkies”, hooked on a few macroeconomic data. The figures provided by the CSO (Central Statistical Office) cannot be interpreted in absolute terms because they are influenced by the countless distortions in the economy, and the model used in their calculation. The more so because, when they are not translated into constant rupees, they tend to create an enduring illusion of progress.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Ending a crisis cannot in itself be defined as an objective without an intuitive grasp of the interactions among all stakeholders, which, in turn, means going down to grassroots level. There is not the slightest possibility that data will emerge by themselves, unless the relevance of microeconomic research has first been recognized. One could start by measuring the pass through of the endemic depreciation of the rupee, which is undoubtedly the cause of most of the distortions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;This deliberate choice of policy affects practically the entire system. First, it has a perverse effect on market prices directly (goods and services, whether imported or locally produced, the latter being still dependent upon imported inputs, etc.) and indirectly (interest on loans, property, wages, etc.). Then, less obviously, it is an incitement to xenophobia, because of the great gap between the salaries of local personnel and those of expatriates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Lastly, it has an even more dangerous consequence, in that it discourages expansion through productivity and innovation. A stable currency and increased productivity re-enforce each other. A strong currency, on the other hand, can only be sustained by a constant and significant progress in overall productivity. Besides, a microeconomic perspective allows an evaluation of the fiscal burden of businesses as a whole, because a mere reduction of corporate taxes, by itself, will not attract investors.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Collecting taxes and, especially, the growth of “national’ wealth, however essential they may be, should not become an obsession. The GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is not a reliable indication of the quality of life in a country, because it does not take into account parameters such as inequalities, purchasing power, environment and leisure activities. There are so many inadequacies between what our system is able to generate and what is essential to a competitive nation. Up to now, unlike the largest countries on the African continent, Mauritius has been spared a brutal confrontation with its grassroots problems, probably because of its resilience, which it owes much to its small size and population.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;A societal crisis, a flourishing underground economy, the extent to which the economy is “dollarised”, anarchy on the road, crime rate and brain drain are some of the symptoms of a gradual loss of trust in the system. It is up to the government to interpret those symptoms and to adapt its policies to a world that keeps changing, with fiscal incentives and new laws to contain any excesses, should the need arise. It is essential to keep a balance between prevention and repression, in order to ensure that our attitudes always evolve in harmony with public interest.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;b&gt;Shining Mauritius&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Opening up our skies for more connectivity, seats and price reduction, making the most of our oceanic resources and the milk farms project all indicate that the government has a reasonably thought out diversification plan. However the caveat is that, overall, government is still “pro-business” in its endeavours; in other words, government policies are still dictated by lobbies from dominant players, instead of being adamantly “pro-market”. This attitude is clearly indicated by the delay in achieving the (real) liberalization of telecommunications and the proliferation of projects under the IRS (Integrated Resorts Scheme). The government would do well to ponder the “Shining India” syndrome.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The “shock” caused by the drop in the agreed price of Mauritian sugar on the European market, which did not come without warning, tells us a good deal more about the gap that still exists between the facts and the alarmist declarations of spin doctors. The impact on the “country’’ is not as devastating as they would have us believe. The trickle down of the profits is negligible, when compared with the revenue. Besides, our economy today is much less dependent on sugar, and the expected loss of revenue has already been largely compensated by the persistent depreciation of the rupee as well as by other “accompanying measures” over many years.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;The business climate should favour healthy competition and a level playing field. Otherwise, it promotes a rent-seeking culture. The “country” can surely go through another period of high exuberance any time, brought about by another economic “bubble”, which is all part of the boom and bust cycle. The question is whether we have the desired entrepreneurial spirit to cope with it through a “creative destruction’.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Innovation is the driver of change. Yet, our successive governments create reaction to change. Currently, the government is proposing an accounting exercise in lieu of a strategy. In any case, even if the official inflation figure of about 10% does not reflect the reality of the situation, the next pre-budget session on the compensation of our purchasing power, whatever the appellation, is likely to be explosive.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Our long-term prosperity depends on the capacity of the government to satisfy the aspirations of all stakeholders. As long as this capacity remains strong, our standard of living will progress, even when higher returns in domestic production, or outsourcing to countries where wages are lower cause job “losses”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Should that capacity deteriorate, there is no issue, neither through the sullen choice of protectionism, nor through the more glamorous alternative of free trade. It is time to set aside the tunnel vision of semantics, performance relativism and party politics and adopt a holistic as well as critical approach, based on a permanent quest for excellence.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Mauritius is waiting desperately for such a major change.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;meta equiv="CONTENT-TYPE" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;title&gt;Sanzman, you must be kidding&lt;/title&gt;&lt;meta name="GENERATOR" content="OpenOffice.org 2.0  (Win32)"&gt;&lt;meta name="AUTHOR" content="HOME"&gt;&lt;meta name="CREATED" content="20070509;14230000"&gt;&lt;meta name="CHANGEDBY" content="User1"&gt;&lt;meta name="CHANGED" content="20070509;14230000"&gt;&lt;style&gt; 	&lt;!-- 		@page { size: 8.5in 11in; margin: 0.79in } 		P { margin-right: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify } 	--&gt;&lt;/style&gt;&lt;meta equiv="CONTENT-TYPE" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;title&gt;Sanzman, you must be kidding&lt;/title&gt;&lt;meta name="GENERATOR" content="OpenOffice.org 2.0  (Win32)"&gt;&lt;meta name="AUTHOR" content="HOME"&gt;&lt;meta name="CREATED" content="20070509;14230000"&gt;&lt;meta name="CHANGEDBY" content="User1"&gt;&lt;meta name="CHANGED" content="20070509;14230000"&gt;&lt;style&gt; 	&lt;!-- 		@page { size: 8.5in 11in; margin: 0.79in } 		P { margin-right: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify } 	--&gt;&lt;/style&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-6800038807969421049?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/6800038807969421049/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/12/sanzman-you-must-be-kidding.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/6800038807969421049'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/6800038807969421049'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/12/sanzman-you-must-be-kidding.html' title='Sanzman, You Must be Kidding!'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-6825731861632072258</id><published>2009-12-14T14:27:00.007+04:00</published><updated>2011-05-23T11:06:48.895+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Green Energy, as Brought to You by Crony Capitalism</title><content type='html'>&lt;h3 class="post-title entry-title"&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" class="post-body entry-content"&gt; &lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_59TU5M1GgrQ/SyXjxBIbYcI/AAAAAAAAABs/rin79i5_vik/s1600-h/greenwashing.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 154px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_59TU5M1GgrQ/SyXjxBIbYcI/AAAAAAAAABs/rin79i5_vik/s200/greenwashing.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5414984558239769026" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Writing in NYT, &lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/14/world/europe/14wind.html?_r=1&amp;amp;ref=global-home&amp;amp;pagewanted=print"&gt;Doreen Carvagal&lt;/a&gt; raises the alarm about how the "freewheeling approach of the fast-evolving energy industry is luring a rogue’s gallery of corrupt politicians and entrepreneurs trying to literally create money out of thin air." Furthermore, Andrew Campanelli, a forensics investigator for Deloitte Financial Advisory Services in New York, states: “In a down economy, individuals might be more inclined to need more cash. They might look at green energy as a mechanism to use ill-gotten funds.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Eco-warrior Ashok Subron and crusader Jack Bizlall have time and again exposed  the shady character of similar accords with hardly any echo elsewhere - with the  notable exception of Mauritius Times, Nicholas Rainer and few  others. We are being sold scaremongering for instant gratification. No wonder  fiscal incentives on electric cars, photovoltaics and so on are so mired in  trivialities and no coherent strategy is on offer. In contrast, interests in ethanol production and wind  farms are glaring examples of eco-bandwagonning where we might well end up  paying, yet again, a higher price dictated by rent seekers.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-6825731861632072258?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/6825731861632072258/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/12/green-energy-as-brought-to-you-by-crony.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/6825731861632072258'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/6825731861632072258'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/12/green-energy-as-brought-to-you-by-crony.html' title='Green Energy, as Brought to You by Crony Capitalism'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_59TU5M1GgrQ/SyXjxBIbYcI/AAAAAAAAABs/rin79i5_vik/s72-c/greenwashing.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-3454676203825874605</id><published>2009-12-12T12:53:00.014+04:00</published><updated>2010-01-19T12:17:39.432+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Le piège monétaire</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Le bon sens est la raison  pratique de quelqu'un dont l'âme est perméable à la réalité. L'idéologie n'est  pas que de l'opinion mais un refus charnel de percevoir la réalité&lt;/em&gt;.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;p style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:78%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Abdolkarim Sourosh, philosophe  &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;En raison de la relative petite taille de  leurs marchés domestiques, les petites économies n'ont d'autre alternative que  de promouvoir leur intégration dans le marché global afin de soutenir leur  expansion économique. En fait, leur propre survie est tributaire de leur degré  d'ouverture. Cependant, à moins que l'État, par le biais de ses institutions et  de leurs politiques, imprègne le système d'une dose raisonnable d'intégrité, de  stabilité et de flexibilité, plus d'ouverture ne pourra que produire une  allocation inefficace, voire gravement polarisée, des ressources. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Comment le choix de la politique monétaire  sert-il de condition primordiale pour se mettre au diapason du monde développé ?  Il semble qu'il y ait un consensus bien ancré à Maurice, du moins dans certains  milieux et parmi leurs "idiots utiles", sur l'inévitabilité d'avoir recours à la  dépréciation de la roupie mauricienne (MUR). Par exemple, les citoyens sont  forcés de choisir entre la dépréciation de la MUR et la sécurité de l'emploi. En  d'autres mots, ils doivent se résigner à une réduction permanente de salaires  s'ils ne veulent pas perdre leurs emplois. Aujourd'hui, avec un tel subterfuge,  même le &lt;em&gt;spin doctor&lt;/em&gt; le plus chevronné se démènerait en vain pour berner  les milliers d'ouvriers licenciés au fil des années dans les industries  d'exportation. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;La conception conventionnelle d'une économie  centrée sur la nation est complètement dépassée. Aujourd'hui, nous vivons dans  un monde où des chaînes d'approvisionnement et des marchés financiers sont  étroitement connectés. En tant que petite économie très ouverte, Maurice a, en  effet, souscrit à ce raisonnement, bien qu'elle ait bénéficié d'un traitement  préférentiel pendant plusieurs décennies. Quel que soit son degré d'intégration  verticale, une entreprise d'exportation opérant à Maurice, disons un fabricant  de vêtement, ne peut se passer de fibres, de fils, de tissus, de technologie et  de ressource humaine importés. Au cas où les &lt;a href="http://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/ecstabey/Tilak%20E%20rate%20appreciation%20AE.pdf"&gt;intrants importés&lt;/a&gt; ne sont pas  libellés dans les mêmes devises que les recettes de vente, les marchés "futurs"  sont disponibles pour palier les risques de change qui peuvent plomber la  profitabilité de l'entreprise. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Si une entreprise, un exportateur de sucre  ou un opérateur d'hôtel, par exemple, compte moins d'intrants importés, la  dépréciation pourra, temporairement du moins, contribuer à absorber des coûts  additionnels (pour ne pas mentionner les bénéfices exceptionnels) dans certains  cas, mais comme la dépréciation se faufile à travers une large palette de prix  elle engendre un cercle vicieux, ou un "désordre", comme prévenait François Woo,  un industriel de premier plan. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;La prouesse à l'exportation ne se joue pas  au niveau du taux de change mais au niveau d'autres facteurs tels la demande,  l'offre et, d'une manière plus centrale, la productivité de chaque individu,  entreprise et prestataire de service dans le pays exportateur, qu'il soit grand  ou petit ou qu'il s'oriente vers l'exportation ou non. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Attention au fossé&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Dans une certaine mesure, une entreprise  peut astucieusement créer un environnement de travail interne qui puisse  stimuler des gains de productivité. Cependant, une entreprise n'opère pas dans  un vide d'autant plus que ses activités sont liées à celles d'un grand nombre  d'acteurs dans d'autres secteurs. Comme souvent les prestations n'offrent pas un  bon rapport qualité/prix, cette inéluctable interdépendance ronge insidieusement  notre compétitivité. Cette faiblesse reflète un problème de mentalité. Il  faudrait certainement beaucoup plus que quelques incantations pour le résoudre.  Pire, oser blâmer une ressource humaine démotivée pour son manque d'application  risque de nous conduire à une impasse. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Au contraire, le gouvernement doit  s'efforcer de pourvoir le mécanisme définissant les interactions entre toutes  les parties prenantes en incitations et désincitations nécessaires à la  formation d'une synergie. Cela signifie tenir compte des demandes progressistes  tout en résistant aux pressions corporatistes. D'autre part, cela implique plus  essentiellement, qu'aussi longtemps que les citoyens s'attendent à une  amélioration ou au maintien par défaut de leur niveau de vie, ils seront heureux  et productifs. Cependant, lorsque les citoyens ordinaires se rendent compte que  l'ostentation de la création de richesse se fait à leur détriment, il est alors  une question de temps avant que les citoyens les plus fortunés ne soient forcés  à chercher refuge dans "des ghettos de riches". &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Paul Volcker, l'ancien président de la  Federal Reserve célèbre pour avoir jugulé l'inflation galopante des années 1970  aux Etats-Unis, avait décrit la hausse des prix comme "une taxe cruelle et  peut-être la taxe la plus cruelle, parce qu'elle frappe à l'improviste, d'une  manière non-planifiée, et parce qu'elle frappe le plus durement les gens à  revenus fixes". L'inflation, que les chiffres officiels ne captent pas, pourrait  aider à expliquer la compression grandissante de nos classes ouvrières et  moyennes, qui, selon certains observateurs, sont trop endettées pour faire face  à un déclin économique. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Depuis 2002, le dollar américain (USD) a  perdu environ 25 pour cent de sa valeur par rapport à un panier de 26 devises.  En raison des retombées marginales de la dépréciation sur les prix et du fait de  leur autosuffisance alimentaire, les citoyens américains tirent à peine le  diable par la queue autant que le feraient les consommateurs pris dans une  économie grandement ouverte comme Maurice qui doit même dépendre de  l'importation de sa nourriture de base. De plus, les Etats-Unis peuvent se  permettre une dépréciation d'autant plus que la concurrence féroce au sein de  son vaste marché dynamique a souvent tendance à inciter les entreprises à  conquérir des parts de marché au détriment des bénéfices. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Si, comme le postule la théorie établie, les  taux de change doivent refléter les "fondamentaux", l'USD doit se déprécier afin  d'accommoder le déficit comptable. Malgré la réfutation empiriquement vérifiée  de Eric Chaney, analyste chez Morgan Stanley, selon laquelle "dans le monde réel  des marchés financiers les fondamentaux ne comptent qu'à long terme et les  déviations des fondamentaux peuvent durer pendant longtemps", on peut sans  risque avancer que le USD va finir par inverser la tendance. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;On ne saurait en dire de même pour la MUR  qui, mises à part quelques périodes de répit comme actuellement, a connu un  glissement généralisé, plus précisément une perte d'environ 90 pour cent de son  pouvoir d'achat par rapport au USD au cours des trente dernières années,  laquelle est due à une approche &lt;em&gt;stop-and-go&lt;/em&gt;. De larges différentiels de  taux d'intérêt incitent les acteurs du marché à agir de sorte à pousser les taux  de change dans la "mauvaise" direction, amplifiant au lieu de réduire les  déséquilibres des comptes. En raison d'une part écrasante de son commerce  international et de ses dettes énormes contractées en devises, Maurice ne peut  se payer le luxe de surmonter les mouvements en dents de scie du taux de change  de la MUR. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Contextualisation&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Dans le sillage de la crise financière du  sud-est asiatique de 1997 et dans une tentative d'expliquer "la perplexité  financière internationale", après avoir honnêtement revisé ses commentaires  impromptus antérieurs, Paul Krugman, un penseur économique du Massachusetts  Institute of Technology, conçut "&lt;a href="http://web.mit.edu/krugman/www/triangle.html"&gt;Le Triangle Eternel&lt;/a&gt;" fondé sur les axes  ajustement-confiance-liquidité. Voici son éclairage : &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Selon l'opinion majoritaire (à savoir, les  économistes influents comme Robert Mundell, Robert Barro, le défunt Rudiger  Dornbusch et contrairement aux croyances populaires, le défunt Milton Friedman  également), le fardeau de la dette en devises étrangères et le risque  d'inflation dû à la volatilité de la monnaie rendent les taux de change  flexibles inadmissibles aux petites économies ouvertes. Les pays doivent soit  vigoureusement gérer leurs monnaies (par exemple, Singapour), instituer un  &lt;em&gt;currency board&lt;/em&gt; (par exemple, Hong Kong), commencer à réfléchir sur une  union monétaire (par exemple, l'Europe, l'Afrique, l'Amérique latine, le Moyen  Orient, l'Asie), soit restreindre le mouvement des capitaux jusqu'à ce que le  marché se calme (par exemple, la Malaisie). Bref, les éléments qui ont  relativement épargné ces quelques pays du choc de 1997.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Pratiquement tous les petits Etats insulaires en développement (SIDS), les centres financiers ou les économies en transition de par le monde ont aussi solidement arrimé leurs monnaies soit à travers un &lt;em&gt;currency board&lt;/em&gt; (par exemple les Bermudes, les Iles Caïman, les Iles Caraïbes Orientales, les territoires britanniques d'Outre-mer, l'Estonie etc.) soit à un régime de parités plus conventionnel (par exemple, Bahamas, les Emirats Arabes Unis, etc.) Même la couronne danoise est indexée sur l'euro. Le Panama est allé jusqu'au bout pour adopter le USD comme sa monnaie légale. En tant qu'aspirant centre financier où les marchés financiers et de capitaux sont profondément intégrés dans le marché global, Maurice a intérêt à faire preuve d'un peu de réalisme. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;En outre, "Le Triangle Eternel" met à nu le manque de vision qui caractérise la libéralisation complète du contrôle de change en 1994 lorsque le gouvernement se plia aux prescriptions mal inspirées du FMI. Ce n'est pas que la libéralisation ne soit pas louable en soi - elle est même désirable dans ce cas - mais dans la pure tradition du "consensus de Washington", elle a été mise en pratique sans tenir compte de l'équilibre de tous les paramètres. Dès lors la réalité s'est manifestée. Autant la libéralisation des changes a été une aubaine pour ceux qui sont rémunérés en devises, autant elle a été la ruine pour ceux rémunérés en MUR. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Une MUR faible fait monter les taux d'intérêt parce que tôt ou tard les investisseurs exigeront des rendements plus élevés pour compenser la monnaie faible. Cependant, il est permis de douter que les exportations soutenues puissent considérablement surmonter l'entrave économique que constituent une inflation plus forte et des coûts d'emprunt plus élevés. Maintenant que la mort lente des marchés protégés annonce l'imminence d'une gestion intelligente, il faut s'attendre à ce que même les voix les plus nombrilistes de notre secteur d'exportation seront contraintes de laisser tomber leur fantasme qui consiste à désirer le beurre (une MUR faible) et également l'argent du beurre (un coût d'emprunt compétitif). &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  lang="FR" &gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ce  que importe, c’est ce qui marche&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;La Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) "encourage la croissance économique non-inflationniste". Pour réaliser une inflation peu élevée, la MAS gère le dollar Singapourien (SGD) en le laissant flotter de chaque côté d'une bande prédéterminé contre un panier de devises dont les poids varient selon leur pertinence dans le commerce international de Singapour. Qui plus est, la modeste tendance à l'appréciation - le SGD a apprécié d'environ 30% contre le USD au cours des trente dernières années - continue à soutenir la croissance économique tout en garantissant la stabilité de prix. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;"Laissons les historiens et les étudiants de PhD développer leurs doctrines. Je ne suis nullement intéressé par les théories en tant que telles", avoua &lt;a href="http://www.pmo.gov.sg/News/Speeches/Minister+Mentor/Excerpts+of+MM+Lee+Interview+with+the+IHT.htm"&gt;Lee Kuan Yew&lt;/a&gt;, le premier chef de l'exécutif de Singapour indépendant, dans une entrevue à l'International Herald Tribune. Il n'est guère surprenant qu'avec un tel héritage tout ce que fait Singapour a l'air d'être si révolutionnaire. Sa politique monétaire ne fait aucune exception. Ici la "stabilité des prix" n'est pas un concept abstrait et évasif. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Singapour n'a pas attendu la consécration des recherches d'un futur lauréat du prix Nobel pour évaluer les avantages et les inconvénients du "ciblage de l'inflation" dans les petites économies ouvertes. Le pays l'a intégré depuis longtemps, mettant en pratique le bon sens et se défaisant des leurres statistiques telles que les taux de change "réels" que The Economist trouve " difficile à mesurer empiriquement" et "alors que les théories abondent, il n'y a qu'un faible point empirique appuyant des théories plausibles comme la parité du pouvoir d'achat et l'effet Balassa-Samuelson". La MAS a compris qu'étant donné les spécificités de l'économie de Singapour le moyen le plus fiable pour atténuer la hausse des prix est de cibler le taux de change nominal. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Le but ultime de toute institution est de démontrer sa crédibilité. Les institutions monétaires qui ne sont pas perçues comme étant immunisées contre les lobbies malsains et qui détiennent un bilan lamentable en ce qu'il s'agit de l'émission d'une monnaie saine ne seront jamais dignes de confiance. À première vue Maurice peut reproduire le modèle monétaire de la MAS. Mais à la condition expresse que la crédibilité de nos institutions soit restaurée. Une tâche difficile en perspective, le moins qu'on puisse dire. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Il est fort probable que la mise en place  d'un &lt;em&gt;currency board&lt;/em&gt;, tel que préconisé par Alan Walters, anciennement de la London School of Economics, est notre choix le plus approprié. Le mécanisme régulateur d'un c&lt;em&gt;urrency board&lt;/em&gt; orthodoxe est sans doute son cachet puisque les pouvoirs discrétionnaires limités tendent à dépolitiser la politique monétaire. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Le &lt;em&gt;currency board&lt;/em&gt; qui était sous les feux des projecteurs durant la débâcle argentine fut mis dans sa vraie perspective par &lt;a href="http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=6500"&gt;Steve Hanke&lt;/a&gt;, professeur d'économie appliquée à l'université Johns Hopkins, dans une mise au point intitulée "Le "&lt;em&gt;currency board&lt;/em&gt;", une fausse appellation pour le système argentin" publié dans le Financial Times. Et aussi &lt;a href="http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/02_06/b3769031.htm"&gt;Gary Becker&lt;/a&gt;, Prix Nobel de 1992, dans un article paru dans Business Week "Les dépenses déficitaires assomment l'Argentine". &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;En 2005, afin d'intégrer le schéma de "découplage" des marchés mondiaux du billet vert, la Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) a ajusté son &lt;em&gt;currency board&lt;/em&gt;, officiellement connu comme Linked Exchange Rate System. Aujourd'hui le dollar Hong-Kongais (HKD) n'est pas indexé autant sur le USD qu'il est retranché dans la "zone de convertibilité", qui dispose d'un champ de mouvement étroit. Ainsi, vu sous l'angle du mécanisme d'un &lt;em&gt;currency board,&lt;/em&gt; il est relativement facile  pour la HKMA de soutenir le HKD au niveau le plus élevé de sa bande de  fluctuation. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Techniquement, il n'y a aucune limite à la quantité de USD que la HKMA peut négocier. Elle peut tout simplement créer la quantité équivalente de HKD pour les acheter. Le &lt;em&gt;currency board&lt;/em&gt; s'auto-régule et n'a pas besoin d'ajuster les taux d'intérêt. A mesure que l'offre de HKD augmente pour acheter les USD, les taux d'intérêt baissent et réduisent la demande de la monnaie locale. Maurice peut soit emboîter le pas à la HKMA ou elle peut toujours innover en introduisant une dose de flexibilité à travers un ancrage à un panier de devises aligné sur notre commerce international au lieu d'une monnaie unique. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Alors que la tentation de vouloir maîtriser les taux de change et d'intérêt locaux dans l'ignorance absolue des actions de la Federal Reserve, et de plus en plus de la Banque centrale européenne, s'apparente davantage à une illusion dans une ère qui évolue vers "&lt;a href="http://papers.nber.org/papers/w8324.pdf?new_window=1"&gt;moins de monnaies mais de meilleures monnaies&lt;/a&gt;", passer d'un lien "de fait" à un lien officiel ne devrait guère importuner aucun responsable politique ayant le regard tourné vers l'avenir. A l'image de Rundheersing Bheenick, le gouverneur de la Bank of Mauritius, qui est un partisan de la réunification de la MUR avec une monnaie unique régionale. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;"Winning formula" revisitée  &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Une monnaie stable et une inflation basse rallongent les horizons économiques et sont propices à l'investissement et la prise de risque. Comme prime, les ménages et les entreprises à Maurice peuvent s'attendre à une diminution allant jusqu'à cinq fois moins que les coûts d'emprunt actuels. Même si une politique monétaire fiable est un élément incontournable sur la route de la prospérité, elle ne saurait accomplir quoi que ce soit seule. Avec un engagement ferme à dépenser judicieusement l'argent des contribuables, les gouvernements doivent d'abord s'assurer qu'ils aient correctement identifié leurs priorités, comme un plan pour la sécurité alimentaire et énergétique, avant d'énoncer une stratégie bien définie autour de la redistribution, de l'inclusion et de l'opportunité. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;C'est essentiellement la concrétisation de la vision de &lt;a href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article725414.ece"&gt;John Cowperthwaithe&lt;/a&gt; - le secrétaire financier de Hong Kong entre 1961 et 1971 qui contribua à transformer le pays en un champion du libre-échange - qui permet à Hong Kong de naviguer si agilement entre les cycles de boom et d'effondrement aujourd'hui. La résistance populaire aux politiques mises en place est souvent une indication que les gouvernements abusent d'une méthode qui tendrait plutôt à évoquer une démocratisation économique à l'envers. Sans une approche intégrée, toute tentative de réforme butera sur une revendication de "justice sociale". &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Si nos élites politiques, intellectuelles et des affaires ne souhaitent pas hanter les esprits des futures générations pour avoir écrit un conte de deux ou plusieurs Maurice, elles doivent méditer sur le conseil de l'analyste Stephen Roach publié dans le New York Times : "L'histoire l'atteste: aucune nation n'a prospéré à travers une dévaluation persistante."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;Le bon sens aussi semble suggérer un lien  entre le vécu quotidien des citoyens et la vraie compétitivité. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-3454676203825874605?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/3454676203825874605/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/12/le-piege-monetaire.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/3454676203825874605'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/3454676203825874605'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/12/le-piege-monetaire.html' title='Le piège monétaire'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-2661417953958980491</id><published>2009-12-07T13:17:00.008+04:00</published><updated>2009-12-07T15:53:54.585+04:00</updated><title type='text'>A Femme Fatale Named Tina</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;"Social injustice is killing people on a grand scale." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; This is how Commissioners of a &lt;a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2008/pr29/en/index.html"&gt;report&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; at the World Health Organisation assess the legacy of &lt;span&gt;a "toxic combination of bad policies, economics, and politics".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;They further elaborate: "Economic growth is raising incomes in many countries but increasing national wealth alone does not necessarily increase national health. Without equitable distribution of benefits, national growth can even exacerbate inequities. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Nordic countries, for example, have followed policies that encouraged equality of benefits and services, full employment, gender equity and low levels of social exclusion.&lt;/span&gt;"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;No stone must be left unturned in our quest to relieve the zeitgeist of its severe stress. We must ponder and act upon the report's recommendations:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: justify;" class="decimal"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Improve daily living conditions, including the circumstances in which people are born, grow, live, work and age; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Tackle the inequitable distribution of power, money and resources – the structural drivers of those conditions – globally, nationally and locally;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Measure and understand the problem and assess the impact of action.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-2661417953958980491?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/2661417953958980491/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/12/femme-fatale-named-tina.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/2661417953958980491'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/2661417953958980491'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/12/femme-fatale-named-tina.html' title='A Femme Fatale Named Tina'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-4180306465290109700</id><published>2009-11-30T10:04:00.006+04:00</published><updated>2009-11-30T14:01:56.739+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Une incursion en Sarkozie</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;   "Désormais le monde des affaires sera au cœur du système politique français. Nous sommes face à un népotisme de nouveau riche." C'est ainsi que s'expriment deux sociologues, en l'occurence  &lt;a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2009/10/15/sarkozy-c-est-le-nepotisme-nouveau-riche_1254541_823448.html"&gt;Monique Pinçon-Charlot et Michel Pinçon&lt;/a&gt;, dans le sillage de la cooptation avortée de Jean Sarkozy, "fils de", à la tête de l'Etablissement public d'aménagement de La Défense (EPAD).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Si, pour le constitutionnaliste &lt;a href="http://www.lalibre.be/actu/international/article/536014/fils-de-curieuse-amnesie-collective.html"&gt;Dominique Rousseau&lt;/a&gt;, "cet usage n’est pas symbolique de la Ve République, mais plutôt de la culture monarchiste française latente dans notre pratique politique et constitutionnelle depuis 1789", le sarkozysme, en revanche, incarne une nouveauté: il déballe son fonctionnement sans états d'âme.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Comme en témoigne d'ailleurs cette déclaration contradictoire devant des lycéens quasiment au même moment: "ce qui compte en France pour réussir, ce n'est pas d'être bien né, c'est de travailler dur et d'avoir fait la preuve, par ses études, par son travail, de sa valeur".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mais les citoyens auront quand même l'opportunité de  sanctionner un tel mépris aux prochaines élections.  &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;"Aujourd'hui, je suis d'avis qu'ils ne sanctionneront pas", rétorque Monique Pinçon-Charlot. Ainsi voguent les "valeurs républicaines", la "démocratie" et patati et patata.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cette schizophrénie qui marque aussi une "amnésie collective" n'est malheureusement pas une tare française uniquement. En effet, le népotisme s'est infiltré et s'est installé confortablement dans beaucoup de systèmes à travers le monde. Bien que, de toute évidence, le degré varie selon les pays. N'est-ce pas? &lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-4180306465290109700?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/4180306465290109700/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/11/une-incursion-en-sarkozie.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/4180306465290109700'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/4180306465290109700'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/11/une-incursion-en-sarkozie.html' title='Une incursion en Sarkozie'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-4100862333081033987</id><published>2009-11-23T15:26:00.065+04:00</published><updated>2009-12-23T11:45:45.396+04:00</updated><title type='text'>You Say Green, We See Red</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The latest blurb is about the "greening" of Mauritius. One is left wondering whether the disconnect between official discourse and what is actually being  proposed and achieved could  get any more depressing. I would rather believe that it is a feeling I share with the silent majority.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We may derive some comfort from being spared the echo chamber.  We may also alleviate our desolation through the awareness of being taken for yet another ride.  But the truth is that so long as civil society and the media remain helpless in deterring the outsourcing of policy-making to vested interests, we are stuck.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If the propaganda machine is to be trusted, &lt;a href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,druck-667015,00.html"&gt;Germans&lt;/a&gt; -  widely hailed for their successful implementation of sustainable policies - would be flocking to Mauritius to learn from our mavericks. And, instead of initiating the Hangzhou-Singapore Eco-Park project in China, Singapore-based small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) would be drooling  to set up joint ventures in Mauritius to deploy their innovative green technologies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In fact, far-sighted governments worldwide are mandating regulations and allowing &lt;a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/green-living/tax-rebate-plan-for-green-drivers-and-homeowners-1836032.html"&gt;tax rebates&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt; to reduce energy consumption and cut carbon emission. Anyone who has visited the Salon de la Maison this year would have been gutted by the shortage of green products and services on offer. Not that local SMEs are markingly risk-averse, it is simply because they do not get any incentive.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That is in sharp contrast with Reunion Island which is aiming at boosting with photovoltaics the 36% of electricity it already produces from renewables. Recently, with strong winds gusting in Spain,  wind-generated plants supplied  53% of total electricity needs for several hours. Meanwhile, Mauritian governments do not feel least bothered for increasing our dependency on coal-generated electricity from 6.1% in 1998 to 44.1% in 2008.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This brand of watermelon environmentalism - a lifestyle at odds with green pretensions - is not only deceptive but not sustainable either. Green Mauritius cannot happen until leaders come to terms with the fact that planning a coherent green strategy will enable Mauritius to produce and consume less energy, which supports socio-economic development, because money is freed up for other projects, while promoting energy security and environmental sustainability.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-4100862333081033987?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/4100862333081033987/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/11/you-say-green-we-see-red.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/4100862333081033987'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/4100862333081033987'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/11/you-say-green-we-see-red.html' title='You Say Green, We See Red'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-9197912981204240641</id><published>2009-10-26T14:25:00.079+04:00</published><updated>2010-10-03T11:27:37.728+04:00</updated><title type='text'>De la jugeote pour éclairer la voie citoyenne</title><content type='html'>&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link style="font-family: verdana;" rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CMR32A1%7E1.SAM%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; 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	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;meta equiv="CONTENT-TYPE" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;title&gt;&lt;/title&gt;&lt;meta name="GENERATOR" content="OpenOffice.org 2.0  (Win32)"&gt;&lt;meta name="AUTHOR" content="samad ramoly"&gt;&lt;meta name="CREATED" content="20091101;11543370"&gt;&lt;meta name="CHANGED" content="16010101;0"&gt;&lt;style&gt; 	&lt;!-- 		@page { size: 8.5in 11in; margin: 0.79in } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } 	--&gt;&lt;/style&gt;&lt;meta equiv="CONTENT-TYPE" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;title&gt;&lt;/title&gt;&lt;meta name="GENERATOR" content="OpenOffice.org 2.0  (Win32)"&gt;&lt;meta name="AUTHOR" content="samad ramoly"&gt;&lt;meta name="CREATED" content="20091101;11543370"&gt;&lt;meta name="CHANGED" content="16010101;0"&gt;&lt;style&gt; 	&lt;!-- 		@page { size: 8.5in 11in; margin: 0.79in } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } 	--&gt;&lt;/style&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" lang="fr-FR"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;D'une manière générale, la dernière crise financière mondiale a été attribuée à une combinaison de défaillance du cadre régulateur, l'insuffisance des modèles mathématiques et la cupidité. Il semble que nous ayons occulté un autre facteur: la vision étroite des choses qui se traduit par la focalisation sur une seule idée, une seule opinion, une seule donnée etc., à l'exclusion des autres. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" lang="fr-FR"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Peu importent les noms qu’on donne à un tel état d’esprit, ils se réfèrent tous à un processus mental tout aussi réducteur. Est-ce que le secteur financier a le monopole de cette vision étroite des choses? Absolument pas. Toute organisation qui empêche l'échange d'informations et réprime les opinions contradictoires se transforme en une caisse de résonance de la pensée unique, réduit l'efficacité et est vouée à l'effondrement à un moment donné.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" lang="fr-FR"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;La mondialisation met à rude épreuve notre niveau de conscience au travers duquel nous voyons tout en noir ou tout en blanc, ne laissant pas de place aux gris qui prédominent en fait. Le paradoxe est que la technologie ne se contente pas d'intégrer et de massifier le monde comme jamais auparavant, elle le fragmente simultanément et stimule la demande pour des métiers de plus en plus spécialisés et sophistiqués. Arboré l’étiquette d’expert n'est pas en soi une tare. Mais, quand l'«expert» devient nombriliste et se transforme en chouchou des médias, il perd souvent de sa pertinence et peut véhiculer les germes d'une chute collective tragique. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" lang="fr-FR"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Un «expert» n'est pas forcément quelqu'un avec une vision étroite, il peut très bien être très perspicace mais a eu la malchance de s'être enfermé dans un milieu complètement déconnecté du monde extérieur. En conséquence, dans une même entreprise, un cabinet de conseil par exemple, les membres d'un même département peuvent être résolument "optimistes" alors que d'autres, dans un autre département, peuvent être tout aussi résolument "pessimistes" sur les perspectives économiques. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" lang="fr-FR"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Trop souvent, on confond la connaissance avec l'intelligence. Un enfant de quatre ans, par exemple, peut apprendre à énoncer les multiples de cinq jusqu'à mille. C'est probablement parce qu'il a une bonne mémoire. Pourtant, il faut un esprit très éclairé et perspicace pour expliquer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;, disons, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;comment les responsables gouvernementaux s'abritent derrière des statistiques biaisées et la rhétorique pour tenter de prouver leur compétence, ou comment décoder les schémas toxiques incorporés dans les politiques inspirées par le tandem FMI-Banque mondiale qui les rendent si dévastatrices.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" lang="fr-FR"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;La mauvaise nouvelle c'est que cette vision étroite n'est pas si facile à surmonter. Au mieux, dans le court terme, les dirigeants peuvent s'efforcer d'atténuer son impact, en identifiant les zones de complaisance afin d'instaurer un esprit d'équipe entre les différents départements/secteurs et de susciter les remontées d'informations. Mais, le fait d'être dans l'ère du prêt à penser n'arrange guère les choses. Il faudrait maintenant se concentrer sur la refonte du système éducatif afin que les générations futures puissent faire face aux défis à venir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" lang="fr-FR"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;Fondamentalement, l'éducation formelle doit permettre aux individus de passer allègrement du cerveau gauche (analytique) au cerveau droit (intuitif, créatif et contextuel) et vice-versa. Toutefois, nous nous leurrons, si nous pensons que l'introduction de quelques heures de cours de "philosophie" en fin de cycle scondaire, par exemple, suffit pour renverser la tendance. En fait, il n'existe aucune preuve que ces études développent systématiquement la "pensée latérale", la "pensée hors cadre", "la pensée critique", la "pensée complexe" etc. - termes utilisés pour exprimer les aptitudes cognitives aiguisées. A moins de confondre l'esprit de synthèse avec l'esprit de contradiction ou l'art de la rhétorique.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Sylfaen;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0.17in; text-align: justify;" lang="fr-FR"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"  &gt;De toute évidence, l'éducation orientée vers l'examen, avec un apprentissage qui, de surcroît, récompense la mémorisation, sollicite excessivement le cerveau gauche. Si mettre sur le marché du travail chaque année des milliers de citoyens avec une lecture littéraliste du monde et une fibre entrepreneuriale amorphe ne nous enchante pas vraiment, alors nous devons réexaminer de toute urgence les programmes scolaires. Ils doivent non seulement ratisser beaucoup plus large, mais, en outre, ils doivent être à base d'enquêtes dès le début de la scolarisation pour faire fonctionner à la fois le cerveau droit et le cerveau gauche. L'approche interdisciplinaire y est primordiale.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pour éviter davantage de dérapages, nous devons nous méfier des leaders qui prétendent savoir plus que ce qu'ils savent réellement. Les informations doivent circuler librement; elles doivent aussi être filtrées et mises à jour régulièrement. Il ne s'agit aucunement de fabriquer des génies, mais de cultiver le discernement. Un retour au bon sens, voilà qui nous ferait beaucoup de bien. En surmontant le carcan intellectuel et culturel, nous célébrons également la diversité sous toutes ses formes, nous favorisons la collaboration et l'innovation, tout en ouvrant la voie au véritable progrès.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-9197912981204240641?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/9197912981204240641/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/10/du-bon-sens-pour-eclairer-la-voie.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/9197912981204240641'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/9197912981204240641'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/10/du-bon-sens-pour-eclairer-la-voie.html' title='De la jugeote pour éclairer la voie citoyenne'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-8229148548404360444</id><published>2009-10-11T11:16:00.017+04:00</published><updated>2009-12-22T15:56:01.671+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Dodoland: The Branding of</title><content type='html'>&lt;meta equiv="CONTENT-TYPE" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;title&gt;&lt;/title&gt;&lt;meta name="GENERATOR" content="OpenOffice.org 2.0  (Win32)"&gt;&lt;meta name="AUTHOR" content="samad ramoly"&gt;&lt;meta name="CREATED" content="20091101;11543370"&gt;&lt;meta name="CHANGED" content="16010101;0"&gt;&lt;style&gt; 	&lt;!-- 		@page { size: 8.5in 11in; margin: 0.79in } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } 	--&gt;&lt;/style&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;The truth, Simon Anholt, founder of the National Brands Index, holds, is that "places can’t construct or manipulate their images with advertising or PR, slogans or logos – and although some governments spend large amounts of money trying to do just that, there is absolutely no proof that it works. The only sure way places can change their images is by changing the way they behave: they need to focus on the things they make and do, not the things they say."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And what makes brand Italia so mamma mia? "In the end it's the Italian people who brand Italy, and they do it so damn well", Simon Anholt argues. Ironically, if we take into account how the image of Mauritius and the self-confidence of its citizens ought to have benefited from the years of "miracle" and "reform", there should not be any justification for a branding exercise!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is more than meets the eye. If only magic bullets were available to satisfy our needs and desires! More realistically, Simon Anholt identifies the key drivers that can potentially be conducive to achieve image benefit:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul  style="text-align: justify;font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;through 	courageous and enlightened social, economic, environmental and 	foreign policies;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul  style="text-align: justify;font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;through 	the dynamic development of tourism, foreign investment and exports;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul  style="text-align: justify;font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;through 	carefully chosen international cultural, sporting and political 	events;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul  style="text-align: justify;font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;through 	improved cultural and academic relations with other countries;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul  style="text-align: justify;font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;through 	a strategic commitment to international development and poverty 	reduction;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul  style="text-align: justify;font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;through 	productive engagement with multilateral institutions, regional 	organisations and with NGOs at home and abroad;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul  style="text-align: justify;font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;through 	effective coordination between government, industry and civil 	society;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul  style="text-align: justify;font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;through 	enhanced public and private diplomacy overseas;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul  style="text-align: justify;font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;through 	a visionary long-term approach to innovation, investment and 	education.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;In short, "the best way for a country to generate a good image is by implementing good policies".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: verdana;" id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: verdana;" id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-8229148548404360444?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/8229148548404360444/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/10/dodoland-branding-of.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/8229148548404360444'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/8229148548404360444'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/10/dodoland-branding-of.html' title='Dodoland: The Branding of'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-4765114369781372602</id><published>2009-10-09T14:44:00.157+04:00</published><updated>2009-11-29T22:48:33.610+04:00</updated><title type='text'>In Praise of Common Sense</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="font-family: verdana;"&gt;&lt;meta equiv="CONTENT-TYPE" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;title&gt;&lt;/title&gt;&lt;meta name="GENERATOR" content="OpenOffice.org 2.0  (Win32)"&gt;&lt;meta name="AUTHOR" content="samad ramoly"&gt;&lt;meta name="CREATED" content="20091101;11543370"&gt;&lt;meta name="CHANGED" content="16010101;0"&gt;&lt;style&gt; 	&lt;!-- 		@page { size: 8.5in 11in; margin: 0.79in } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } 	--&gt; 	&lt;/style&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;meta equiv="CONTENT-TYPE" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;title&gt;&lt;/title&gt;&lt;meta name="GENERATOR" content="OpenOffice.org 2.0  (Win32)"&gt;&lt;meta name="AUTHOR" content="samad ramoly"&gt;&lt;meta name="CREATED" content="20091101;11543370"&gt;&lt;meta name="CHANGED" content="16010101;0"&gt;&lt;style&gt; 	&lt;!-- 		@page { size: 8.5in 11in; margin: 0.79in } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } 	--&gt;&lt;/style&gt;&lt;meta equiv="CONTENT-TYPE" content="text/html; 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charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;title&gt;&lt;/title&gt;&lt;meta name="GENERATOR" content="OpenOffice.org 2.0  (Win32)"&gt;&lt;meta name="AUTHOR" content="samad ramoly"&gt;&lt;meta name="CREATED" content="20091101;12541253"&gt;&lt;meta name="CHANGED" content="16010101;0"&gt;&lt;style&gt; 	&lt;!-- 		@page { size: 8.5in 11in; margin: 0.79in } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } 	--&gt;&lt;/style&gt;&lt;meta equiv="CONTENT-TYPE" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;title&gt;&lt;/title&gt;&lt;meta name="GENERATOR" content="OpenOffice.org 2.0  (Win32)"&gt;&lt;meta name="AUTHOR" content="samad ramoly"&gt;&lt;meta name="CREATED" content="20091101;12541253"&gt;&lt;meta name="CHANGED" content="16010101;0"&gt;&lt;style&gt; 	&lt;!-- 		@page { size: 8.5in 11in; margin: 0.79in } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } 	--&gt;&lt;/style&gt;&lt;meta equiv="CONTENT-TYPE" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;title&gt;&lt;/title&gt;&lt;meta name="GENERATOR" content="OpenOffice.org 2.0  (Win32)"&gt;&lt;meta name="AUTHOR" content="samad ramoly"&gt;&lt;meta name="CREATED" content="20091101;12541253"&gt;&lt;meta name="CHANGED" content="16010101;0"&gt;&lt;style&gt; 	&lt;!-- 		@page { size: 8.5in 11in; margin: 0.79in } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } 	--&gt;&lt;/style&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.17in;font-family:verdana;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Generally, the latest global financial crisis has been attributed to a combination of regulatory failure, inadequate mathematical models and greed. We seem to have been oblivious of another element: tunnel vision. It translates a narrow perspective stemming from concentration on a single idea, opinion, data etc., to the exclusion of others.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.17in;font-family:verdana;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Mindsets such as silo mentality, groupthink, bean counting etc., refer to an equally reductive process. Does the financial sector have a monopoly on tunnel vision? Absolutely not. Any system or organisation that inhibits sharing of information and restrains dissent transforms itself into an echo chamber, reduces efficiency and is bound to collapse at some point.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Globalisation is straining our level of consciousness through which we perceive in blacks and whites a world that typically unfolds in grays. The paradox is that while technology integrates and massifies the world like never before, it simultaneously creates fragmentation and boosts demand for more specialised and sophisticated professions. Bearing the "expert" label is not, per se, a curse. But, when it feeds on self-absorption and grows into a media darling, it also loses its relevance, with a potential to hurt badly.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An "expert" is not necessarily dumb though, she may well be the savviest but may have been bullied into a "silo" disconnected from the outside world. As a result, within the same organisation, a consulting firm for instance, members of the same department may be adamantly "bullish" while others in another department may be as adamantly "bearish" on economic prospects.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Too often, we confuse knowledge with intelligence. A four-year-old girl, for example, can be trained to reel off multiples of five up to one thousand. That is probably because she has a very sound memory. Nevertheless, it takes an informed and insightful mind to explain how, say, government officials shelter behind bogus statistics and buzzwords to prove their worth, or to decipher the toxic patterns embedded in IMF/World Bank-inspired policies that make them so backlash-prone. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.17in;font-family:verdana;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The bad news is that tunnel vision is not that easy to beat. At best, in the short run, leaders can strive to alleviate its impact by identifying the comfort zones in a bid to somehow unleash cross-sectoral/departmental team spirit and feed-backs. But, we are in the midst of systemic dumbing down. Focus must now be on overhauling the education system so that future generations can cope with challenges to come.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Basically, formal education must enable individuals to switch nimbly from the left brain (analytical) to the right brain (intuitive, creative and contextual) and vice versa. However, we kid ourselves if we trust that merely introducing some hours of "philosophy" courses, for example, will do the trick. In fact, there is no evidence that they help to develop "lateral thinking", "think outside the box", "blink", "nudge" etc.; terms coined by various researchers to express sharpened cognitive skills.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Clearly, exam-oriented education driven by rote learning overemphasises the use of the left brain. If churning out thousands of citizens every year with literal perspective on every encounter and dampened entrepreneurial spirit is not what we desire, we need to urgently revisit school curricula. They must not only be significantly broader but, in addition, they must be inquiry-based from the very start to ignite both the right and left brains. Interdisciplinary approach to learning is key.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.17in;font-family:verdana;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;To reduce the risk of being led astray, we must remain wary of leaders from all walks of life who pretend to know more than they actually do. Information must flow freely; it must be filtered and updated regularly too. This is not a case for breeding geniuses, it is about grooming more discerning citizens. A reversion to time-tested common sense is overdue.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0.17in;font-family:verdana;" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;By overcoming intellectual and cultural provincialism, we also celebrate pluralism in all its forms, foster collaboration and innovation while paving the way for genuine progress.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: verdana;" id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: verdana;" id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-4765114369781372602?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/4765114369781372602/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/10/whats-intelligence-got-to-do-with-it.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/4765114369781372602'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/4765114369781372602'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/10/whats-intelligence-got-to-do-with-it.html' title='In Praise of Common Sense'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-2878361878044925082</id><published>2009-07-13T18:20:00.014+04:00</published><updated>2009-11-30T15:31:54.333+04:00</updated><title type='text'>The Deindustrialisation Folly</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;meta equiv="CONTENT-TYPE" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;title&gt;&lt;/title&gt;&lt;meta name="GENERATOR" content="OpenOffice.org 2.0  (Win32)"&gt;&lt;meta name="AUTHOR" content="samad ramoly"&gt;&lt;meta name="CREATED" content="20091101;13594575"&gt;&lt;meta name="CHANGED" content="16010101;0"&gt;&lt;style&gt; 	&lt;!-- 		@page { size: 8.5in 11in; margin: 0.79in } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } 	--&gt; 	&lt;/style&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;In the wake of Wall Street's debacle, Jeff Immelt, chairman and chief executive of the General Electric Company, is urging American policymakers and business leaders to "drive competitiveness" by "improving the manufacturing structure" and to "draw on 230 years of ingenuity to renew the country’s dedication to innovation, new technologies and productivity". That would indeed be a feat to fit into the shoes of iconic Jack Welch.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;In short, Jeff Immelt is merely suggesting that countries do not dance to the tune of intoxicating sirens forever. Simply put, speculation-driven expansion is not sustainable. John Rose, chief executive of Rolls-Royce, made a similar call previously in Canary Wharf-obsessed England. Unlike, say Luxembourg's foundation, Singapore's foundation does not look shaky because, in typical proactive fashion, it has sought to reinvent its economic structure permanently while unleashing innovation-driven SMEs in defiant mood to conquer niche markets worldwide.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Alternatively, a sector-specific approach to policymaking ends up distorting the whole economy. It removes the incentive for innovation in other sectors and hurts overall competitiveness. Worse, it fosters a rent-seeking and too-big-to-fail culture. Mauritius will continue to pay a heavy price until it stops listening to the usual suspects. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-2878361878044925082?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/2878361878044925082/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/07/deindustrialisation-folly.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/2878361878044925082'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/2878361878044925082'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/07/deindustrialisation-folly.html' title='The Deindustrialisation Folly'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-4796605016411122733</id><published>2009-06-05T15:26:00.008+04:00</published><updated>2009-11-26T11:58:22.878+04:00</updated><title type='text'>The rule of (f)law</title><content type='html'>&lt;meta equiv="CONTENT-TYPE" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;title&gt;&lt;/title&gt;&lt;meta name="GENERATOR" content="OpenOffice.org 2.0  (Win32)"&gt;&lt;meta name="AUTHOR" content="samad ramoly"&gt;&lt;meta name="CREATED" content="20091101;14033446"&gt;&lt;meta name="CHANGED" content="16010101;0"&gt;&lt;style&gt; 	&lt;!-- 		@page { size: 8.5in 11in; margin: 0.79in } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } 	--&gt;&lt;/style&gt;&lt;meta equiv="CONTENT-TYPE" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;title&gt;&lt;/title&gt;&lt;meta name="GENERATOR" content="OpenOffice.org 2.0  (Win32)"&gt;&lt;meta name="AUTHOR" content="samad ramoly"&gt;&lt;meta name="CREATED" content="20091101;14100950"&gt;&lt;meta name="CHANGED" content="16010101;0"&gt;&lt;style&gt; 	&lt;!-- 		@page { size: 8.5in 11in; margin: 0.79in } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } 	--&gt; 	&lt;/style&gt;  &lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;If you share the bury-your-head-in-the-sand syndrome with most of our politicians and their embedded “intellectuals”, it is very likely that the current controversy about the use or abuse increasingly of loudspeakers by the muezzin will trigger yet another wave of “shock” along your spine.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div face="verdana" style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;If, alternatively, your observations are rooted in the real world, it is very likely that you will consider the issue a symptom, among others, of a society gradually losing its bearings. Before attempting to search for a solution to the problem, so that there is no perception of “bashing”, we all need to carry out a session of soul-searching.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div face="verdana" style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;According to Islamic traditions, the first &lt;i&gt;adhaan&lt;/i&gt;, or call to prayer, was delivered by an African named Bilal. He was chosen by the Prophet not only because his voice was powerful, but also because it was soulful and melodious enough to appeal to the senses of the Faithful. Today, it would be hard to admit that the &lt;i&gt;adhaan&lt;/i&gt; we have to bear with around the country echoes the same uplifting spirit as the one preserved in Egypt or Turkey, for example.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;The drift, nevertheless, is not the monopoly of Muslims. The cacophony from congregations in temples or sects in makeshift chapels that rips our cosy nights is everything but reminiscences of say, Karnatic mantras or Gregorian chants. The tragedy is that zealous followers of different beliefs, which ironically aim at liberating souls from all forms of intoxication, are now waging a contest among themselves.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;Even within the same religion there can be a tug-of-war among followers of different spiritual leaders. For instance, if there is a consensus on the timings of the &lt;i&gt;salaat&lt;/i&gt;, the Muslim prayer, why should neighbouring mosques air concurrently the &lt;i&gt;adhaan&lt;/i&gt; over loudspeakers? Does it sound like soul-elevation or muscle-flexing?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;We will certainly not be enlightened by the Catholic priest who confessed over a radio debate that “his” church would relinquish the use of bells should the mosque nearby also relinquish the use of loudspeakers. Two wrongs will not make a right. When people feel insecure, they tend to cling to anything within their reach, no matter how insane.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;Mauritius is indeed undergoing an identity crisis which will not be resolved until it is first acknowledged. People of different ethnic and religious backgrounds, social classes or even genders imbue society with sufficient conflicting vibes to make cohabitation “risky”. Since mature human beings, probably the silent majority, are generally endowed with the faculty to discern, they seek to alleviate the negative impacts of those “risks”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;A society organises itself according to a set of common values. There is a correlation between the degree of how “civilised” a society actually is and how its citizens have been groomed. Civic responsibility is the key concept to define the limits and it does not exist in a vacuum. In an ideal world, common sense would be enough to instill the desired norms, but due to subtle or in-your-face complexities, that “common sense” often gets perverted before leading us astray.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;" lang="en"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;Here, the capacity building of our institutions – political, legal, educational, familial, media, religious etc. – must be scrutinised to identify the shortcomings. &lt;/span&gt;The making and enforcing of rules governing cooperative human behaviour is where social order begins. The principle of the rule of law is intended to be a safeguard against arbitrary governance.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;" lang="en"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The rule of law does not operate in absolute terms. It depends on how citizens have internalised it. The behaviour of road users – drivers, riders and pedestrians – can provide a microcosm to gauge the strength of the rule of law. For example it varies considerably according to whether you are in Mauritius, India, Italy, Great Britain or Switzerland.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;" lang="en"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;When trust is violated, the rule of law is weakened. How do we convince the builder of a beach &lt;i&gt;kovil &lt;/i&gt;that her action is detrimental to the general good when a miniature Virgin Mary is replicated in another public area or a hotel is “reserving” some space for its customers on the public beach? Worse, how do we convince a citizen not to ignore a traffic light when she regularly sees a policeman, a minister, a judge, a paragon of “corporate governance” or a freemason “overuling” it?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span lang="en"&gt;In any case, citizens must never be offered a moral justification to flout the rule of law. Obviously, noise is not the only form of pollution. Deeply “religious” citizens as well as their “secularised” counterparts can also overlap in the same zone. The incentive for a strong sense of civic responsibility will not come through a one-minute exposure to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;“in peace, justice and liberty” over a loudspeaker during a national festival, no matter how loud.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;Rather&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang="en"&gt;when we breathe and live the noble aspiration every second.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; font-family: verdana; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: verdana;"&gt;  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-4796605016411122733?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/4796605016411122733/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/06/rule-of-flaw.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/4796605016411122733'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/4796605016411122733'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/06/rule-of-flaw.html' title='The rule of (f)law'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-8733579623274803055</id><published>2009-06-04T14:55:00.010+04:00</published><updated>2011-06-02T11:52:56.219+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Rupee Depreciation Won't Heal Our Woes</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CMR32A1%7E1.SAM%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List" style="color: black; font-family: verdana;"&gt;&lt;/link&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;o:smarttagtype name="country-region" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" style="color: black; font-family: verdana;"&gt;&lt;/o:smarttagtype&gt;&lt;o:smarttagtype name="place" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" style="color: black; font-family: verdana;"&gt;&lt;/o:smarttagtype&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:Sylfaen; 	panose-1:1 10 5 2 5 3 6 3 3 3; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:67110535 0 0 0 159 0;} @font-face 	{font-family:Tahoma; 	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:swiss; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:1627421319 -2147483648 8 0 66047 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:FR;} p.tablecontents, li.tablecontents, div.tablecontents 	{mso-style-name:tablecontents; 	mso-margin-top-alt:auto; 	margin-right:0in; 	mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; 	margin-left:0in; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;title&gt;&lt;/title&gt;&lt;style&gt; 	&lt;!-- 		@page { size: 8.5in 11in; margin: 0.79in } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } 	--&gt; 	&lt;/style&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;"&gt;“&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="en-GB"&gt;Price stability is not everything, but without price stability everything is nothing”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" lang="en-GB"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;Otmar Emminger, former President of the Deutsche Bundesbank&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" lang="en-GB"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.do" name="paragrah"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;Every year, in the run-up to the budget presentation, there is a tug-of-war between representatives of employees, employers and government to agree on a quantum for the annual pay review. Now they sit together in the freshly set up National Pay Council (NPC) with an independent chairperson expected to settle the dispute with the proposal of a quantum after assessing the views of all parties. Nevertheless, the mechanism, however well-meaning, is still unable to meet expectations. Why does the cycle continue ad infinitum and ad nauseam?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" lang="en-GB"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;On the one hand, trade unionists claim that pay review must solely be concerned by the redress of loss in purchasing power. Alternatively, from the employers' perspective, and indeed the government's, capacity of employers to pay the increment and productivity data must also be considered. Officially, the three parameters – compensation for erosion of purchasing power, capacity to pay and productivity – constitute the basis of the mandate of the NPC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" lang="en-GB"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;In practical terms, the parameters, all critical it must be emphasised, cannot be reconciled because they rest on flawed assumptions, among which the rate of inflation computed by the Central Statistical Office is the most notable. The rate actually measures average changes in the prices of a basket of goods and services which itself is an average representation of the spending patterns of the average household. But is there such a thing as a typical household?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" lang="en-GB"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;The weight of say, food and electricity bills, in monthly expenses of different households varies according to their levels of income. The lower the income, the heavier the burden, especially when there is a surge in global food and fuel prices. Mauritian consumers are even more vulnerable since they live in a country which has failed to commit itself to a reasonable programme of food and energy security and must almost entirely rely on ever-costlier imports – to a large extent the inevitable consequence of the endemic slide of the rupee.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" lang="en-GB"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Econoclasm&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" lang="en-GB"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;In an interview, Cader Sayed-Hossen, Chairman of the Commission for Democratisation of the Economy, disclosed how, during a meeting with representatives of the Bank of Mauritius, a business tycoon was advocating rupee depreciation to accommodate the fall in sugar revenue, going as far as even suggesting a quantum. Ironically, a closer look at the behaviour of the rupee over the years reveals that, barring seasonal delusion of new-found vigour as recently, the quantum has already integrated the system.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" lang="en-GB"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;Had their lobby been as mighty, employees would not have to content themselves with a quantum, the one validated by the government, that in most cases hardly mitigates the negative impact of inflation on their income. This is so because employees tend to be allocated the strict minimum in terms of increment as the income targeted for maximum increment is extremely conservative, if it reflects reality at all.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" lang="en-GB"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.do" name="BodyBlock2"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.do" name="paragrah2"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.do" name="mainbody1"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;When the most cynical foreign currency earners fret over the international value of the rupee, they contend that a weak rupee is “good” for the Mauritian economy. Such rumination is dubious. Belief in the salutary effects of a depreciating rupee is based partly on the expectation that rising exports of manufacturing production will increase employment and spur economic expansion. Evidence in Mauritius confirms large recurrent swings in both job creation and economic growth despite persistent depreciation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" lang="en-GB"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;While the intimate relationship between inflation rate and currency valuation in a highly open economy like Mauritius cannot possibly be challenged, the alleged relationship between currency depreciation and real competitiveness draws its rationale from tunnel vision rather than from contextual thinking. As currency depreciation feeds into the system, it stimulates a vicious cycle. Sooner rather than later the illusion of short-lived relief wakes up to a situation of self-inflicted damage.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="en-GB"&gt;Brain Pain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" lang="en-GB"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;Human capital is the key driver in the pursuit of higher competitiveness. Yet, the depreciation bias has dented the morale of citizens whether subtly, when the slide is smooth, or harshly, when the slide is steeper. Productivity cannot be conjured out of thin air by rewarding the few. Real wealth is generated when the system is imbued with the required incentives that energise the majority.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" lang="en-GB"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;For decades exporters have been blessed with preferential market access and a weak rupee. To some of them, now that the era of preferential access is fading, there is only the depreciation lobby to cling to. Bad habits &lt;leo_highlight id="leoHighlights_Underline_0" leohighlights_keywords="die hard" leohighlights_url="http%3A//thebrowserhighlighter.com/leonardo/highlights/keywords?keywords%3Ddie%20hard" onclick="leoHighlightsHandleClick('leoHighlights_Underline_0')" onmouseout="leoHighlightsHandleMouseOut('leoHighlights_Underline_0')" onmouseover="leoHighlightsHandleMouseOver('leoHighlights_Underline_0')" style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 150); cursor: pointer; display: inline;"&gt;die hard&lt;/leo_highlight&gt;. When policymakers give in to them, they also lose grip on strategising to keep up with global capitalism. Hence the tremendous lag in national logistics, such as road networks, port and airport facilities, water supply and so on, that strains operations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" lang="en-GB"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;The Bank of Mauritius cannot cope with the complexity of an economy alone. It is little wonder then that it is stuck in a role of a fire-fighter spraying the market with erratic moves. The country is at the crossroads, the time is ripe to rid itself of the aberration of rupee depreciation, arguably the most pervasive distorter and disincentive in the system. Jointly with corruption, producer capture and high risk premium due to low predictability, it skews market prices and embitters industrial relations. Contrary to conventional thinking, it is not always conducive to sound economic fundamentals, such as trade balances. Worse, it often destabilises them, when hit by staggering fuel prices for instance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" lang="en-GB"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;No doubt, the Federal Reserve, the Bank of England or the European Central Bank can provide the Bank of Mauritius with guiding principles. But when it comes to minimising the risk of rupee volatility, on either side, Mauritius must tailor its policies to its own specificities. Singapore and Hong Kong, two of the stars of globalisation with similar profiles to Mauritius, should instead provide us with the inspiration.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;Successive Mauritian governments have earned themselves a reputation of heeding to all sorts of lobbies, no matter how insane, as long as they are loud enough. By adopting such an attitude, governments waste considerable amount of energy and time to manage the resulting distortions, discontents and their domino effect instead of focusing on how to address pressing issues. Under these circumstances, policies tend to be misdirected and eventually backfire.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Detox&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;Policymakers should get their bearings right regarding the grumblers of the export sector. It is not about profit bashing, but about exposing deception. Policymakers must not lose sight on: firstly, the actual returns which for some brush with the returns of luxury items retailers in terms of percentage; then, the fact that manufacturers import spirited workers to beat the demotivation of local workers; and finally, more pivotally, the high import content in the manufacturing process. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;In a newspaper report, Serge Seeneyen, Managing Director of Soniawear, said that “when the rupee appreciates, it is up to businesses to take initiatives to mitigate its impact, reduce their operation costs and become more efficient. We are going through tough times, but I remain upbeat. I trust that in the future I will catch up with today’s losses”. What else but a typical expression of entrepreneurial spirit.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;The signal that Mauritius is poised for globalisation will come when, namely, similar gung ho statements tweak self-indulgent headlines and when trade unionists are eager to let go of bonuses that are not performance-based. That is, when according to the gut feelings of the majority of businesses and households, regardless of what anointed statistics may boast, their efforts are being adequately rewarded.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;Such transformation cannot be presided over. 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Woes'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-3079839192851959329</id><published>2009-05-18T13:38:00.178+04:00</published><updated>2010-11-21T09:28:47.236+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Jack L'Eclaireur</title><content type='html'>&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CMR32A1%7E1.SAM%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   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0 415 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:FR;} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;Les plus perspicaces parmi nous tirent la sonnette d'alarme depuis longtemps déjà. Il n'est pire sourd que celui qui ne veut pas entendre&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Le constat aujourd'hui est consternant.  Ce n'est guère une vision apocalyptique, encore moins une quelconque théorie du complot.  Au fil des années,   l'édifice même de notre vivre ensemble s'est fragilisé. Il n'est pire aveugle que celui qui ne veut pas voir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Il ne s'agit pas ici de lyncher les fossoyeurs.  N'empêche, au fur et à mesure  que  la griserie (le "miracle mauricien"),  la complaisance (en Afrique "&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;nu mem meyer&lt;/span&gt;")  et le clientélisme (&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;roder-boutisme&lt;/span&gt;) se sont infiltrés au sein du système, la "démocratie" si vantée s'est transformée en "réseaucratie".  C'est-à-dire,  le citoyen peut difficilement aspirer à un maintien, voire une amélioration, de son niveau ainsi que sa qualité de vie sans se débrouiller pour devenir un &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;insider &lt;/span&gt;du système tordu. Autrement,  le statut d'&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;outsider&lt;/span&gt; équivaut à signer un pacte avec un parcours  parsemé d'obstacles visibles et invisibles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La majorité des Mauriciens a certes le mérite d'avoir su préserver ne serait-ce qu'une illusion de bien-être. Hélas, les privations refoulées remontent par d'autres canaux, pas forcément les plus sains, surtout avec une politique nationale de loisirs lamentable.  A moins de considérer les casinos comme un exutoire. La démotivation au travail, la consommation de drogue,  les maladies cardio-vasculaires, la désintégration de la cellule familiale, la criminalité et le repli identitaire étant parmi les manifestations les plus répandues.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le diagnostic est cinglant: l'obsession de la croissance économique  a exacerbé les inégalités,  a radicalisé les conflits sociaux  et a déstabilisé l'écosystème.  Suffit-il alors de brandir &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Das kapital &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;(Karl Marx)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; et de honnir &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;The wealth of nations&lt;/span&gt; (Adam Smith) pour restaurer la confiance? Et  si c'est le modèle&lt;span&gt; d'une société juste et inclusive préconisée par &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; Politeia/Res publica &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;(Platon)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;qui peut nous servir d'inspiration.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Encore faut-il que, dans l'imaginaire, ce ne soit pas une représentation contaminée et édulcorée au gré de son passage dans le temps et dans l'espace.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Il faut privilégier le concret au détriment de l'abstrait, pratiquement tous les pays souscrivent à des degrés divers à  l'"économie de marché".  Donc, l'objectif réaliste est de contenir ses excés et ses dérives. Le blocage se situe justement là. Parce que Maurice est essentiellement façonnée par les décisions et indécisions de ses gouvernements. Et les partis politiques &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;mainstream&lt;/span&gt; convergent vers la même doctrine  "croissance à tout prix".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Que faire?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;L'émergence d'une deuxième force crédible se fait toujours attendre. Idem pour le renouvellement des dirigeants dans les partis existants. En attendant, la piste  qui  semble la plus prometteuse à explorer est une action collective concertée et critique dans le but de provoquer une remise en question.  L'initiative doit venir des véritables moteurs de changement. Bien entendu, ils seront majoritairement des &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;outsiders &lt;/span&gt;mais il faut aussi des &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;insiders,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;ceux&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;qui ne pratiquent pas la langue de bois car conscients que personne ne sera épargnée, si on laisse mijoter les frustrations trop longtemps.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jack Bizlall semble en avoir bien saisi les enjeux. D'autres Mauriciens doivent lui emboîter le pas, qu'ils soient  inconnus du grand public ou Georges Ah-Yan, Roshi Badhain, Mekraj Baldowa, Vina Balgobin, Kurt Barnes, Narvada Beenessreesingh, Marousia Bouvéry, Jayen Chellum, Ming Chen, Lindsey Collen, Nita Deerpalsing, Alain Gordon-Gentil, Khalil Elahee, &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Filip Fanchette, Sanjay Jagatsingh, Karim Jaufeerally,  Jooneed Jeerooburkhan, Ibrahim Kooduruth,&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Kee Cheong Li Kwong Wing, Roland Maurel, Christina Meetoo, Jocelyne Minerve, Shenaz Patel,  Nicholas Rainer, Chetan Ramchurn, Jonathan Ravat, Nicholas Ritter, Guffran Rostom, Serge Seeneyen, Ashok Subron, Vijaya Teelock, Abhimanyu Unnuth, Mohamad Vayid, Francois Woo, etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Si cette liste n'est pas exhaustive,  elle est en revanche hétéroclite,  ceci pour bien exprimer la complexité d'une société. La construction de la nation mauricienne restera vaine aussi longtemps que les différentes sensibilités ne sont pas identifiées et intégrées. Du moins, celles qui sont libérées de toutes formes de corporatisme et qui jurent loyauté, non pas à  l'asservissement aux diktats matériels, égocentriques et ethnocentriques, mais à tout processus qui oeuvre dans le sens de l'intérêt général.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;L'antagonisme  gauche-droite  ne suffit pas pour renverser la doctrine  "croissance à tout prix".  Au contraire, il alimente un dialogue des sourds. Pour simplifier, disons que la "gauche" tend vers le "social" et que la "droite" tend vers le "marché".  Idéalement, ce serait aboutir à une situation, où,  d'une part, la protection sociale et l'autonomisation des citoyens sont optimales et, d'autre part, la concurrence joue au bénéfice des consommateurs et récompense les agents innovateurs. C'est ce que les pays scandinaves,  la Suisse,  le Canada et la Nouvelle Zélande, entre autres, s'efforcent de proposer avec plus au moins de réussite.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Prétendre qu'il n'existe pas d'alternative à la doctrine "croissance à tout prix" n'est donc qu'une perversion de la réalité. Ce ne sont certainement pas les économistes Paul Krugman, Thomas Piketty, John Kay ou ceux du site web Macroscan, qui sont par ailleurs loin d'être des pourfendeurs de l'"économie de marché", qui diront le contraire. Finalement, c'est la capacité d'anticiper les problèmes futurs et de les résoudre qui compte. A chaque problème, sa solution. &lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Certains contextes justifient plus de "social", d'autres plus de "marché". Singapour est un modèle d'efficacité dans ce domaine.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pour déverrouiller la situation, les moteurs de changement doivent prendre le devant afin de revendiquer une allocation plus judicieuse des ressources et une redistribution plus équitable de la richesse générée. Ce qui signifie intérioriser notamment que :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- "la corruption détruit la démocratie",  selon l'observation de l'écrivain&lt;span&gt; Aravind Adiga,&lt;/span&gt; et exiger plus de transparence et de redevabilité dans l'utilisation de l'argent public;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- la dépréciation persistante de la roupie crée un cercle vicieux qui, entre autres, plombe toute tentative d'améliorer la productivité et pénalise la compétitivité;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- la dimension spéculative dans l'exploitation de nos terres est suicidaire et que sans une réforme agraire, Maurice met en péril sa sécurité alimentaire et énergétique future.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;L'aspiration de Maurice à devenir "durable" ne pourra être concrétisée que si elle passe du mode "s&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;hareholder&lt;/span&gt;" à celui de "&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;stakeholder&lt;/span&gt;".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;" id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-3079839192851959329?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/3079839192851959329/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/05/jack-leclaireur.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/3079839192851959329'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/3079839192851959329'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/05/jack-leclaireur.html' title='Jack L&apos;Eclaireur'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-1423567167447824936</id><published>2009-05-14T13:38:00.001+04:00</published><updated>2009-11-26T11:55:41.481+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Talking' Bout a Revolution</title><content type='html'>Arianna Huffington, co-founder of groundbreaking The Huffington Post, an American internet newspaper launched in 2005 as a progressive alternative to conservative mainstream media, reminds us:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;style&gt;&lt;/style&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="entry"&gt;Don't forget: our media culture failed to serve the public interest by missing (with a few honourable exceptions) the two biggest stories of our time: the run-up to the Iraq war and the financial melt­down. We've had far too many autopsies and not enough biopsies. And online news is well suited to obsessively follow a story until it breaks through the static. We need to also remind ourselves that the mission of journalism has always been truth-seeking not, as it has often become, striking some fictitious balance between two sides.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="entry"&gt;As things stand, it is fair to say that the "two biggest stories of our time", that is "Mauritian miracle" and "reform", have failed media scrutiny too. But reality rarely fails to bite deception.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="entry"&gt;What's the next verse Tracy?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="entry"&gt;... people gonna rise up&lt;br /&gt;And get their share&lt;br /&gt;... people gonna rise up&lt;br /&gt;And take what's theirs&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-1423567167447824936?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/1423567167447824936/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/05/talking-bout-revolution.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/1423567167447824936'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/1423567167447824936'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/05/talking-bout-revolution.html' title='Talking&apos; Bout a Revolution'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-7794042290242176694</id><published>2009-04-29T10:17:00.002+04:00</published><updated>2009-07-14T15:47:35.613+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Street Fighting Years</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;When the link is lost between citizens and governments,&lt;br /&gt;When politicians see the world through the eyes of rent-seekers,&lt;br /&gt;When mainstream media is infatuated with the darlings of Big Business,&lt;br /&gt;It's no surprise mobocracy takes on flawed democracy.&lt;br /&gt;Protest is the TINA (There Is No Alternative) of the disenchanted.&lt;br /&gt;True, the critical mass is not there yet,&lt;br /&gt;But the build-up looks promising.&lt;br /&gt;Slowly, but surely, civil society is waking up.&lt;br /&gt;The consent manufactured by reactionaries is fading.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-7794042290242176694?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/7794042290242176694/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/04/street-fighting-years.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/7794042290242176694'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/7794042290242176694'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/04/street-fighting-years.html' title='Street Fighting Years'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-8971022643647661845</id><published>2009-03-11T10:09:00.004+05:00</published><updated>2009-12-09T14:23:05.160+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Lula Stops the Traffic</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Many observers tip Brazil among the few countries to ride out the global economic downturn the least dazed. Such a feat would not have been possible without an enlightened leadership embodying vision, sovereignty and empathy as opposed to nincompoops who outsource their thinking to bean counters and the macro(economics) tribe, notorious for branding the likes of the World Bank. Here is how Brazil's maverick President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, also known as Lula, proves his mettle in the Financial Times:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;" We could not grow, it was said, without threatening economic stability – much less grow and distribute wealth. We would have to choose between the internal market and the external. Either we accepted the unforgiving imperatives of the globalised economy or we would be condemned to fatal isolation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the past six years, we have destroyed those myths. We have grown and enjoyed economic stability. Our growth has been accompanied by the inclusion of tens of millions of Brazilian people in the consumer market. We have distributed wealth to more than 40m who lived below the poverty line. We have ensured that the national minimum wage has risen always above the rate of inflation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We have democratised access to credit. We have created more than 10m jobs. We have pushed forward with land reform. The expansion of our domestic market has not happened at the expense of exports – they have tripled in six years. We have attracted enormous volumes of foreign investment with no loss of sovereignty.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I hope for a world free of the economic dogmas that invaded the thinking of many and were presented as absolute truths. Anti-cyclical policies must not be adopted only when a crisis is under way. Applied in advance – as they have been in Brazil – they can be the guarantors of a more just and democratic society.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I do not give much importance to abstract concepts. I am not worried about the name to be given to the economic and social order that will come after the crisis, so long as its central concern is with human beings."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dream, dream dream dream...&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-8971022643647661845?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/8971022643647661845/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/03/lula-stops-traffic.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/8971022643647661845'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/8971022643647661845'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/03/lula-stops-traffic.html' title='Lula Stops the Traffic'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-3972956680661025838</id><published>2009-03-02T10:03:00.004+05:00</published><updated>2009-12-16T14:19:08.689+04:00</updated><title type='text'>L'oligarchie dépigmentée</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_59TU5M1GgrQ/Syiz69tj7WI/AAAAAAAAAB4/bQSaLVMxanY/s1600-h/180px-Worldsfah.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 129px; height: 200px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_59TU5M1GgrQ/Syiz69tj7WI/AAAAAAAAAB4/bQSaLVMxanY/s200/180px-Worldsfah.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5415776377492467042" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Une économie de marché qui concentre le pouvoir économique entre les mains d'une minorité ("market-dominant minority") et une démocratie qui renvoie le pouvoir politique officiel à la majorité appauvrie réunissent les conditions pour exacerber les tensions sociales.C'est du moins ce que postule Amy Chua, professeur de droit à l'université de Yale, après des études empiriques dans son livre "World on Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;D'emblée il faut dissiper l'amalgame racial en ce qui concerne l'hégémonie économique. Les Chinois en Indonésie, les Indiens au Kenya, les descendants d'Européens à Maurice, au Zimbabwe et en Martinique sont des exemples témoignant de la diversité ethnique dans le pouvoir économique.En effet, la concentration de la richesse a des origines plus historiques - souvent coloniales - et politiques. Quand l'Etat ne joue pas convenablement son rôle de régulateur, toutes les dérives sont possibles. Dépendant du degré, l'entente délictueuse entre certains membres de la politique, de la fonction publique et du secteur privé ("crony capitalism") peut être dévastatrice.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Avec le déclin économique, les sentiments d'humiliation et d'injustice que subissent les peuples remontent à la surface. L'ignorance et l'arrogance du pouvoir par rapport aux inégalités ouvrent une brèche que les démagogues exploitent à volonté. De plus, lorsque le schéma ethnique ou religieux s'associe dans la psyché collective à cet état des choses, les ingrédients d'un cocktail explosif sont, d'ores et déjà, disponibles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La mondialisation est perçue comme un phénomène similaire où les États-Unis incarnent le "market-dominant minority". Toutefois, dans l'affrontement entre les radicaux, ceux qui brocardent uniquement les activistes de l'anti-mondialisation en épargnant le dogme du "Washington Consensus" véhiculé par le Fonds monétaire international manifestent peu de circonspection.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;D'ailleurs, les militants lucides sont passés de l'anti-mondialisation à l'alter-mondialisation après Porto Alegre 2003. Preuve que la mondialisation est dorénavant acceptée comme un fait. C'est le modèle qui est contesté. Bref, au niveau international les choses commencent à se dessiner positivement. Comme toujours, les signaux d'un changement fondamental d'attitude doivent émaner des dirigeants éclairés.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Si on veut vraiment que la mondialisation soit soutenable tout en étant moins déstabilisatrice, il faut créer l'environnement qui permettra à ses bénéfices d'être répartis plus équitablement. En s'attaquant d'abord à la source de la corruption, en motivant les petites et moyennes entreprises pour qu'elles se multiplient et en accélérant la dérégulation des différents secteurs pour inciter les sociétés internationales les plus crédibles à s'implanter dans le respect des cultures locales.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La démocratie et le libre-échange, comme toute autre théorie certes, ne peuvent fonctionner dans un vacuum. Le piège à éviter justement, c'est d'en faire une fin en soi. Même si on doit admettre, de par l'évolution de l'histoire, qu'ils demeurent les meilleurs moyens pour générer la richesse. Encore faut-il les adapter à des contextes différents et les encadrer avec des paramètres favorisant la "corporate citizenship".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nous verrons découler les solutions seulement lorsque nous cesserons de nous dérober à la réalité. C'est bien dans l'action que les bonnes intentions seront jugées.&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-3972956680661025838?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/3972956680661025838/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/03/loligarchie-depigmentee.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/3972956680661025838'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/3972956680661025838'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/03/loligarchie-depigmentee.html' title='L&apos;oligarchie dépigmentée'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_59TU5M1GgrQ/Syiz69tj7WI/AAAAAAAAAB4/bQSaLVMxanY/s72-c/180px-Worldsfah.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-6342189373421306226</id><published>2009-02-06T10:49:00.011+05:00</published><updated>2009-12-09T14:11:27.368+04:00</updated><title type='text'>The Case Against Oversimplification</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;It is never easy to represent succintly one's perception of the real world. It is a balancing act that must explore grey areas and sort them into a distinct pattern of different pieces connected to each other. In its basic dimension it is about common sense, in its more elevated dimension it is about wisdom. All in all, it ought to be everybody's quest.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alternatively, propaganda is a synthesis of selective information that is meant to capture emotions of the target audience and modify its perception. Propaganda machines master the art of disseminating appealing slogans to twist reality. Their approach is always binary, doctrinaire and repetitive. It reduces everything to an either/or and us/them dilemma. It portrays one party in a positive light and the other in a very negative one.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That is why the view of Tarun Tejpal, writer and editor of Tehelka, is enlightening:&lt;br /&gt;"The real challenge is to present complex things as complex things, and to urge everyone to read them well and to come to terms with them".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Put bluntly, we must not let ourselves be put off by texts which seem "congested" with intertwined ideas. We should give them a second and deeper look. Once the gist sinks in, we may or may not agree. Otherwise, we contribute to dumb ourselves down.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The devil is in the detail.&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-6342189373421306226?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/6342189373421306226/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/02/case-against-oversimplification.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/6342189373421306226'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/6342189373421306226'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/02/case-against-oversimplification.html' title='The Case Against Oversimplification'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-5839698065194638343</id><published>2009-02-03T13:02:00.006+05:00</published><updated>2012-02-08T14:57:12.716+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Reform As Propaganda</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;“There is no magic bullet. A country's economic institutions are a richly textured fabric. There would be big disappointment if a government abolished a quick employment regulation or two before breakfast and expected great things to happen. There are hundreds of things that have to change.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Edmund Phelps, winner of the 2006 Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In spite of the social, economic and political instability it entails, globalisation continues to gather momentum. When assessing how different countries cope with globalisation in order to anticipate and mitigate the resulting imbalances, the quality of leadership proves critical.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As expected, Singapore tops the Globalisation Index 2006 measured by the consulting firm A.T. Kearney. Ireland and Denmark are among the five best performers. A closer look at how the three countries operate is revealing: it debunks many fallacies disseminated by members of Tina F.C., i.e. the “There-is-no-alternative” Fan Club.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One dogma suggests that if a country wants to successfully integrate global capitalism, its government must keep its “hands” off the economy and privatise its business activities. Ironically, the state-led approach has been the Singapore model. Today Temasek Holdings, the investment arm of the Singapore government, powers many global flagship companies. Another dogma suggests that when a country embraces economic liberalism, the Welfare State becomes redundant. Both Ireland and Denmark emphatically demonstrate the opposite.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to the Quality-of-life Index 2005 established by The Economist, Ireland is the country that best reconciles economic and social imperatives to meet the aspirations of its citizens. Material well-being alone does not adequately reflect quality of life. Ireland would never have enjoyed such a quality of life had it not contained the impediments associated with modernisation, namely the breakdown of traditional institutions and the erosion of family values. After all, is not Ireland the land that swings blissfully between melancholy and joie de vivre?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Viewed through black and white lenses with no shades of grey, as in the case of members of Tina F.C., all our woes can be resolved in a sleight of hand; for an instant relief of our existential crisis, repeat religiously “république laïque”; to recharge our flawed “democracy”, simply “cut” a piece of “proportional representation” and “paste” it to the mechanism of “first pass the post”; to salvage our failed educational system, deride obsessively the streaming test at the end of primary schooling; to balance our abysmal national accounts, target everybody but the networks of patronage and fleece them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Followership under the influence of the IMF &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We are in the creative age. Only those nations groomed to “think global and act local’ will thrive. In a globalised setting your edge is basically how much more creative you are than your competitors because that is where you differentiate yourself. To the members of Tina F.C. faking to “think outside the box”, Steve Jobs, the co-founder of Apple Computers, hailed as the most innovative company by Business Week, offers a candid rebuttal: don’t be trapped by dogma, which is living with the results of other people’s thinking.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The transformation of Mauritius is tributary to the inclusion of the following elements of change management: a project in which all stakeholders believe passionately in, the creation of an environment that stimulates a shift in mindsets and attitudes, the building of a strong and committed top team to drive the process and a leadership by example. Post-independent Mauritius has hardly experienced anything that even brushes with that. Or maybe, our successive governments, barring a few mavericks within, should jointly patent the ultimate brand of leadership; one exclusive of integrity, foresight, vision and empathy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It would indeed be more appropriate to talk about followership than leadership. That Singapore has never been under International Monetary Fund (IMF) programmes from 1980 to 2002, and till today for that matter, speaks volumes. Mauritius, on the other hand, has spent about 23% of its time over the same period under the influence of the IMF. These figures, arguably much higher today as far as Mauritius is concerned, are extracted from the findings of William Easterly in his latest book “The white man's burden: why the West's efforts to aid the rest have done so much ill and so little good”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The book by William Easterly, a professor of economics at New York University,&amp;nbsp; shall make a far more enlightening reading for our policymakers rather than say, “Globalization and its discontents” by Joseph Stiglitz, “The end of poverty” by Jeffery Sachs or even “The world is flat” by Thomas Friedman. If top-down transformation by outsiders is self-defeating, a combination of domestic top-down policies with bottom-up reciprocity has the potential to unleash the crucial synergy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As long as the government does not question the status of insiders of our system, who live by entrenched privileges, policies are doomed to fail because they are opposed by insiders, who fear that they may be the next on the list, and outsiders, who consider them as discriminatory and continue to dream of becoming themselves insiders. A doctrinaire approach to policymaking may foster short-term economic expansion but when it simultaneously disintegrates social cooperation, it inhibits value creation through productivity gains and retards competitiveness growth.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;The bogeymen setting the cart before the horse &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In conformity with the bigotry of the IMF and the World Bank, members of Tina F.C. believe that a violent disruption in the form of a “shock therapy” is a quick fix that will reap rewards in a couple of years. “Reform” as spun by the government in reality refers to a few half-baked measures expected to revive our ailing competitiveness. This bland and reductive thinking, that confuses means and end and vice versa, is alienating citizens and polarising the Mauritian community further. “Democratisation” and “Empowerment”, at their worst, are akin to window-dressing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The government rightly claims that our labour market must be revamped to become more flexible. But where are the evidence and the benchmark? When “hiring and firing” of employers can happen from one day to the next, companies surely get a decided competitive edge over rivals. Is it the one and only factor in the “flexibility” paradigm?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Denmark’s “flexicurity” blends a flexible labour market, generous social security and an active labour-market policy with rights and obligations for the unemployed. Workers pay high taxes, but trade job security for a guarantee, should they be laid off, of time-limited but generous unemployment benefits that they can live on and a promise that they will get new jobs fast. About a fifth of Danish workers lose their job in any given year but most find a new job quickly. The mechanism rests on perpetual dialogue and mutual trust.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The implementation of the National Pay Council (NPC) is a glaring example of how despicable a government can get. The concept per se is sound. But the NPC should not arbitrate the dispute regarding compensation for declining purchasing power that is not, as the government would have us to believe, totally inflicted by global capitalism. Despite the annual inflation-adjusted compensation granted to them, the majority of Mauritians has been subsidising uncompetitive players through a wage cut as persistent and self-inflicted rupee depreciation feeds into a vicious circle that offsets the compensation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Consumer Price Index (CPI) basket of goods and services identified to compute CPI inflation does not have the same relevance for people with different pay levels. As their expenditure patterns vary, so does the weightage of the items in the basket. That is why the Singapore Department of Statistics regularly publishes CPI inflation for different income groups instead of relying on a general average figure. What's more, because of the high income divide, an inflation rate of 10% largely under-estimates the impact of price hikes on low-income earners.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In an open economy like ours, the exchange rate is the main determinant in the variation of consumer prices. To make things worse, the current government provoked a massive currency slide coupled with a sudden removal of subsidies on flour with all its knock-on effects. Under these circumstances, it would be criminal to link the compensation of an ever-declining purchasing power to productivity and the capacity of employers to pay the compensation. Reasonably, to be coherent with its policies, the government should have settled for a non-negotiable full compensation for incomes below Rs 16, 500. As for the NPC, it could show its mettle by arbitrating a collective bargaining for end-of-the-year bonuses.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;The need for a makeover starting at the top &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A lean and efficient government is the incarnation of a clean and smart government. That is a far cry from what the IMF and the World Bank actually promote. When “leaders” indulge in the blame game, like flying the “economic patriotism” flag or grumbling about the “laid-back workforce”, they unwittingly reveal their incompetence. One of the roles of a government is to provide more certainties for households and businesses alike. Gross Domestic Product growth, no matter how dazzling, is futile when it is unable to dent joblessness and inequalities, to overcome structural mismatches and distortions and to boost purchasing power and morale.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mauritius will be poised for globalisation after an extreme makeover starting at the top. Our civil society and media are still too weak a fourth estate to offer a counterbalance. Neocons of all hues will continue to sell the illusion that they are the genuine progressives and those who do not bow to their proselytism are self-hating citizens, but the Internet and its tools such as the Blogosphere, Wikipedia and YouTube are creating a new reality, where information flows less asymmetrically.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-5839698065194638343?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/5839698065194638343/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/02/reform-as-propaganda.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/5839698065194638343'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/5839698065194638343'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2009/02/reform-as-propaganda.html' title='Reform As Propaganda'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-5600487946619818047</id><published>2008-12-20T23:10:00.017+05:00</published><updated>2009-11-26T11:53:52.929+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Data Miners of the World, Unite</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Asked about the paucity of statistics while he was implementing the policies that turned postwar Hong Kong into a thriving global financial centre, John Cowperthwaite replied: if I let them compute statistics, they’ll want to use them for (scenario) planning. Governments should not collect them,  lest they be provoked into attempting to remedy perceived ills - and mess things up.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Asked about some of the measures he would advocate for a turnaround, Nassim "Black Swan" Taleb replied: I don’t like scenario planning, because people don’t think out of the box. I would also ban the use of statistics because unless you know statistics very, very well, it’s a dangerous, double-edged sword.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Statistics are always relative. They depend on the elements factored in their computation, and these are never constant. That is why dogmas such as 1) Value Added Tax (VAT) reduction automatically boosts consumption, 2) exchange rates invariably affect exports and 3) Pay Research Bureau (PRB) provision is systematically inflationary are all flawed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Any addiction to per capita income and gross domestic product (GDP) is either an expression of a cynical or a reductive mind. The Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), devised by the think tank Redefining Progress, offers a far better gauge about how real Mauritius is faring because it also includes other critical components - namely income distribution, crime, environmental damage, public infrastructure and leisure facilities - on which sustainable development and well-being are based.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As a matter of fact, we do not need statistics that feed trite debates and act as a  smokescreen to incompetence. Nevertheless, using them smartly is key to decipher patterns and measure supply and demand to reduce inadequacies and improve flow everywhere.&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-5600487946619818047?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/5600487946619818047/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2008/12/data-miners-of-world-unite.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/5600487946619818047'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/5600487946619818047'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2008/12/data-miners-of-world-unite.html' title='Data Miners of the World, Unite'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-6207020501038211055</id><published>2008-11-16T22:49:00.035+05:00</published><updated>2010-01-23T14:47:56.454+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Le Baccalauréat International comme complément avant-gardiste</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_59TU5M1GgrQ/S1nlkToDYvI/AAAAAAAAADM/6VKbKwcuoBw/s1600-h/FrPYP_jpeg_002.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 360px; height: 309px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_59TU5M1GgrQ/S1nlkToDYvI/AAAAAAAAADM/6VKbKwcuoBw/s400/FrPYP_jpeg_002.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5429623237678162674" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Que ce soit intellectuellement, culturellement ou psychologiquement, le système éducatif traditionnel dispensé par l'Etat et le privé ne répond plus aux exigences de la mondialisation. C'est le cas à Maurice comme dans plusieurs autres pays, même les plus développés. Il y a eu certes des tentatives pour remettre en phase nos écoles et nos collèges, mais elles se sont échouées sur des ajustements superficiels et contradictoires. On serait même tenté de parler de décrochage, tellement le fossé s'est creusé.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Une transformation mal ficelée et mal agencée butera toujours sur une résistance, surtout si la structure de base a été rongée par plusieurs années de conflit entre conservateurs de différents bords. Il n'existe pas de modèle idéal. En revanche, il y a des programmes qui s'efforcent d'adapter leur pédagogie aux attentes de nos sociétés en mutation permanente. Ce sont les programmes du &lt;a href="http://www.ibo.org/"&gt;Baccalauréat International&lt;/a&gt; (IB), notamment le Programme primaire (PYP), le Programme de premier cycle secondaire (MYP) et le Programme du diplôme (DP).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le siège social du IB se situe à Genève, en Suisse. Des chercheurs internationaux à l’université de Bath, au Royaume-Uni, déconstruisent l'évolution de la pédagogie aux quatre coins du monde (de la Scandinavie à l'Inde en passant par la Nouvelle Zélande) et formulent des recommandations régulières au Centre des programmes et de l’évaluation basé à Cardiff, toujours au Royaume-Uni.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Depuis son lancement en 1968, le IB a connu une progression constante. Si à l'origine le IB était destiné aux enfants des diplomates, des cadres et militaires expatriés, aujourd'hui la communauté du IB regroupe plus de  665 000 élèves et 2 424 établissements scolaires répartis dans 131 pays, avec une forte concentration en Australie, au Canada, au Royaume-Uni et aux Etats-Unis. La scolarité est financée par l’État (dans plus de 50% des cas) ou des fonds privés.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sans la diversion occasionnée par la politique étrangère, Tony Blair, grand admirateur du IB, aurait très probablement converti la grande majorité des établissements britanniques. En effet, il est difficile de  résister à la déclaration de mission du IB: "développer chez les jeunes la curiosité intellectuelle, les connaissances et la sensibilité nécessaires pour contribuer à bâtir un monde meilleur et plus paisible, dans un esprit d’entente mutuelle et de respect interculturel".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En mars dernier, la &lt;a href="http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/a-13-2008-03-20-voa29-66809217.html"&gt;Voice of America&lt;/a&gt; titrait "Le IB prépare les étudiants américains pour la mondialisation". Contrairement aux idées  reçues, le IB n'est pas conçu exclusivement pour les enfants les plus brillants, son approche très ludique est une incitation à "apprendre à apprendre". Bien entendu, la relative petite communauté du IB lui confère une certaine agilité, facilitant ainsi la mise en place des programmes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cependant, même si dans sa dimension abstraite le IB suscite un enthousiasme débordant, l'engagement des enseignants, des parents et de la direction y est plus déterminant que dans la méthode traditionnelle. Parce que l'enseignant agit beaucoup plus comme un guide que comme un émetteur de formules et rhétoriques à mémoriser et pondre sur un papier d'examen. De fait, l'apprenant IB est un chercheur. Les parents de ces élèves, même les plus avisés, sont tentés de comparer la méthodologie IB et la méthodologie traditionnelle. D'où l'importance de leur éclairer la voie avec d'autres repères palpables.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Actuellement, le IB n'est proposé que dans le privé à Maurice; deux établissements offrent le DP et un autre offre le PYP. Le MYP devrait logiquement être disponible à l'avenir. La majorité des établissements à travers le monde n'offre que le DP avec parfois un autre diplôme traditionnel en parallèle. Depuis quelques années il y a un engouement vers le programme complet du IB (PYP, MYP, DP) afin d'imprégner une cohérence une méthodologie qui est loin d'être conventionnelle, même si elle demeure très flexible et libérale. Ce qui sous-entend qu'on ne peut pas vraiment se référer à une école type IB.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le IB épouse totalement la "glocalisation", un concept savant qui signifie agir localement pour se doter des aptitudes (empathie, cosmopolitisme, quête du savoir et de son application, intelligence critique, sens de la responsabilité, esprit d'initiative etc.) pour affronter les défis de la mondialisation. Pas étonnant que le développement d'une telle personnalité attire l'attention des &lt;a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/global/main.jhtml?view=DETAILS&amp;amp;grid=&amp;amp;xml=/global/2008/10/21/expat-schools.xml"&gt;universités&lt;/a&gt;, surtout américaines. Il faut aussi noter que l'université d'Oxford, par exemple, accepte la candidature de postulants IB à partir d'une note de 38 à 40 (incluant un mémoire et un engagement communautaire), la note maximale étant de 45.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le gouvernement mauricien pourrait intégrer le IB dans un plan stratégique échelonné sur plusieurs années. Il est tout à fait envisageable de créer des établissements régionaux disons en 2012, le temps d'obtenir l'accréditation et de former les enseignants. On introduirait ainsi des enfants en pré-primaires et en premières années au PYP, lesquels poursuivraient ensuite leur scolarité MYP et DP. Simultanément, les étudiants ayant obtenu leur School Certificate auraient l'option de s'orienter vers le DP uniquement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Même si le IB est bien rôdé il faut surtout veiller à ce que son implémentation se fasse en cherchant l'adhésion de toutes les parties (étudiants, enseignants, parents, direction, board etc.) et en évitant de mettre la charrue avant les boeufs. Ces conditions réunies, il n'y a aucune raison pour que le IB ne puisse pas conquérir un grand nombre de Mauriciens. N'empêche, il devra évoluer côte à côte avec le système traditionnel pendant encore très longtemps. Et c'est tant mieux, cela pourra rassurer et donner un choix aux parents réfractaires.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Néanmoins, le système traditionnel ne peut plus exister dans sa forme actuelle. Tous les enfants mauriciens doivent pouvoir débuter leur scolarité de la manière la plus équitable, les enseignants doivent être revalorisés et les programmes scolaires doivent être revus de fond en comble. Bref, le IB a suffisamment d'atouts pour agir comme source d'inspiration décisive. L'essentiel est de dégager une notion de l'excellence. La finalité est de ne pas enfermer les adultes de demain dans un ghetto culturel et intellectuel.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;" id="refHTML"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-6207020501038211055?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/6207020501038211055/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2008/11/le-baccalaurat-international-comme.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/6207020501038211055'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/6207020501038211055'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2008/11/le-baccalaurat-international-comme.html' title='Le Baccalauréat International comme complément avant-gardiste'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_59TU5M1GgrQ/S1nlkToDYvI/AAAAAAAAADM/6VKbKwcuoBw/s72-c/FrPYP_jpeg_002.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-5300815011392765334</id><published>2008-11-14T10:20:00.002+05:00</published><updated>2011-11-28T11:48:19.602+04:00</updated><title type='text'>The Mauritius Consensus</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Any observer emancipated from the blinkers of partisan politics, from the intoxication of the "Mauritian miracle" and from the relativism of benchmarking with countries trapped in an even more "autistic" state than we are, would cast doubt over our achievement as a nation since our independence. So would the thousands of Mauritians who have sought greener pastures abroad and the thousands more presently tempted by emigration sirens. What went wrong?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So as not to taint further the credibility of our political masters since 1968, it must be acknowledged that among the many misguided policies endorsed by our successive governments, there have certainly been many that are forward-looking too. What has been conspicuously missing is a strategic plan that synergises all the policies as they are implemented so that the benefits of one policy do not weaken the benefits of another. A piecemeal and haphazard approach can only yield short-term gratification.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Reality Check &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Through the compulsive demise of cross-border regulations and with technological breakthrough, the world is moulding itself into a "global village". Subtly but in dynamic terms, globalisation is shaping our lifestyle. Arguably, even if it wants to, a nation cannot stop the disruptive impact of globalisation, it can only strive to minimise it, without downplaying it, while endeavouring to grab the opportunities it unleashes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The prerequisite for citizens to integrate globalisation comfortably is a domestic system that has successfully integrated them. That is an environment where a decent standard of living comes as a reward for diligence and talent expressed on a level playing field. For a right-minded Mauritian, this is hardly a depiction of post-independence Mauritius. If your interlocutor does not concur, you can be sure that she is just a ruthless self-seeker!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fundamentally, our model of development revolves around privileges. At the local level, the modus operandi is essentially determined by a citizen's skill to activate her social network: the common citizen thrives through small privileges, the mighty citizen cruises through big privileges. Not surprisingly, goods and services are even bartered in some circles. All in all, a collective schizophrenia persists where on the one hand "refuseniks" lag behind and on the other hand, "cheerleaders" indecently exploit the rigged contest.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At the international level, our economic expansion has been secured through a series of negotiated privileges from "developed" countries to access their markets with dissimulated reciprocity. The problem with preferential treatment is that the more you get, the more you expect. To maintain a status quo as long as possible, the end then justifies the means. No matter how smart our "economic diplomacy", our survival in the post-privilege era will ultimately depend on our tireless efforts to improve our real competitiveness.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The predominant "nou" and "bann-la" mindset pervades every sphere of our society. In the process, the whole political system is perverted: it particularly offers disenchanted citizens a democratic wishfulfilment of booting ineffective governments out during periodic elections while cynical voters and candidates, a minority one would like to believe, merely participate in a bid to rode enn bout.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the absence of an adequate mechanism of checks and balances and of an electoral system conducive to the emergence of alternative voices, our "democracy" itself is hijacked. What a waste for the so-called beacon of civic responsibility and its absolute disregard of how much citizenship and civility are subsequently trampled on!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;How much louder the wake-up call before our political, business and intellectual elites whistle the end to the pas-moi-li-sa game, restrain their greed and wrestle their conceit? Yet the protectionist impulse and the downbeat mood are distinct symptoms of a nation dreading the future. The longer we ignore the symptoms the fitter we will be to join the league of "sick states of globalisation". The more we procrastinate before dealing with the root causes, the longer it will take to defuse the social time bomb.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Placebo Effect &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The enlightened leadership that the great majority of Mauritians have been yearning for is still elusive. A leader must not only have a deep understanding of the challenges and opportunities of globalisation but also a precise assessment of our own failings and intrinsic potential. Everybody, indiscriminately, must be aware of where we are heading and must be constantly reminded of how we are getting there with all the stages clearly defined. Globalisation is a multidimensional phenomenon that can only be embraced with hybrid and contextualised domestic policies. It does not matter which economic thinker we draw our inspiration from, be it Karl Marx, Adam Smith or Amartya Sen. All our policymakers need is to focus on how to sustain our momentum for growth, not the growth rate per se.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This will happen when policies are implemented with a win-win perspective, rather than coercively and doctrinally. "Conjoncture internationale" cuts both ways and the prospect of creating a "second miracle" derives more from fetishism than anything else. Consensus cannot rest on a flimsy foundation and an abstract concept, but around the whole package. We have no alternative than to shift our paradigm from our delusive model of development to an inclusive society operating with global, predictable and transparent norms.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Policymakers have a primal mission to prevent us from drifting further away from English language and the American dollar or increasingly the Euro, not because we are mesmerised by "God save the Queen" and Britney Spears or Carla Sarkozy, but because they are the medium of exchange in the "global village". The wider the gap grows, the greater the number of Mauritians who will remain entrenched in their "local village" that an exposure limited to "Bollywood", "Premier League" football and French-centric intellectualism can only exacerbate. Little wonder our "debates" emanate more hot air than they light up our way.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To cope with the pluralism that globalisation fosters, albeit under Western hegemony, we need to celebrate it jointly with our roots to build a "composite identity", otherwise an inward-looking "borrowed identity" with a binary psyche that sees "bijoux" everywhere will flourish! Pragmatism, not to confuse with realpolitik, must be the engine of our policies. We must not hesitate to travel as far as Canada, Finland or New Zealand, for example, to seek fresh ideas and befriend new people instead of relying exclusively and desperately on the benevolence of the few "pays amis" or the one-size-fits-all "expertise" of the World Bank.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Whether global capitalism becomes a rollercoaster or a bandwagon ride will depend firstly on the solutions we devise for ourselves, secondly on how the people chairing our institutions safeguard our rights and finally and crucially on how civil society and the media keep our politicians on their toes. Simply put, we must make our mediocrity history.&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden" /&gt;&lt;input id="jsProxy" onclick="jsCall();" type="hidden" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="refHTML" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3889536409004761212-5300815011392765334?l=tchombo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/feeds/5300815011392765334/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2008/11/mauritius-consensus.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/5300815011392765334'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3889536409004761212/posts/default/5300815011392765334'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tchombo.blogspot.com/2008/11/mauritius-consensus.html' title='The Mauritius Consensus'/><author><name>SR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3889536409004761212.post-1035499024683067289</id><published>2008-11-14T10:18:00.001+05:00</published><updated>2009-11-26T11:50:44.403+04:00</updated><title type='text'>Is Wall Street's Meltdown a Blessing in Disguise?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;As China, and to a lesser extent India, Russia and Latin America, continue to flex their muscles, the American financial debacle is very likely to hasten the demise of the unipolar world that rose from the ashes of the Cold War. However refuseniks of unfettered capitalism elsewhere should refrain from rejoicing too soon. They should instead keep an eye on the response of their local political, business and opinion leaders.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wall Street’s meltdown has clearly exposed the flaws and fallacies of the anti-regulatory ideology. Ironically, it could also provide a lifeline for the aid industrialists from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) whose “expertise” has never been so widely scorned, with the exception of few countries like Mauritius, where the WB has even been welcomed to set up office.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Leaders who invariably outsource their thinking unwittingly reveal their incompetence. In sharp contrast, the words, however presumptuous, of Singapore's Lee Kuan Yew aired on CNN – "I am not following any prescription given to me by any theoretician … I work from first principles, what will get me there" – typically underpin the leadership brand behind any iconic country, business or institution for that matter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To put it bluntly, if a country is really willing to cope with global capitalism, neither the IMF/WB drivel nor any other “adviser” will help. The brightest consultants may be required for technical assistance, but never for strategy development or a turnaround. Vision, foresight and capacity to implement regularly updated policies “will get us there”. Sound &lt;leo_highlight style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 150); background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; cursor: pointer; display: inline; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" id="leoHighlights_Underline_0" onclick="leoHighlightsHandleClick('leoHighlights_Underline_0')" onmouseover="leoHighlightsHandleMouseOver('leoHighlights_Underline_0')" onmouseout="leoHighlightsHandleMouseOut('leoHighlights_Underline_0')" leohighlights_keywords="macroeconomics" leohighlights_url="http%3A//thebrowserhighlighter.com/leonardo/highlights/keywords?keywords%3Dmacroeconomics"&gt;macroeconomics&lt;/leo_highlight&gt; (monetary stability and fiscal discipline) are key but without smart microeconomics (synergy between households, businesses and markets) to complement, everything is nothing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Toxic policies driven by crony capitalism and greed merely inflate bubbles that are bound to burst some day. Capitalism itself is not the problem but, left unchecked, its excesses can be devastatingly contagious.&lt;input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;!--Session data--&gt;&lt;input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span id="leoHighlights_iframe_modal_span_container"&gt;&lt;div id="leoHighlights_iframe_modal_div_container" style="border: 1px solid black; position: absolute; visibility: hidden; display: none; width: 394px; height: 40px; z-index: 32768; background-color: white;" onmouseover="leoHighlightsHandleIFrameMouseOver();" onmouseout="leoHighlightsHandleIFrameMouseOut();"&gt;                                                     &lt;div id="leo_iFrame_closebar" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 394px; height: 40px; z-index: 32768; background-image: url(chrome://shim/content/highlightsFilter-1/header.gif);"&gt;       &lt;a href="javascript: leoHighlightsIFrameClose();"&gt;          &lt;div 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