Every generation of Mauritian parents worries, at some point, about "the youth." For Hindu and Muslim families alike, that worry often takes a familiar shape: that children growing up alongside Creole Catholic classmates and friends will drift from tradition — skipping temple or mosque, relaxing dietary rules, adopting more permissive attitudes towards dating and dress. Underneath this worry sits a bigger claim, often assumed rather than argued: that "modernising" is really just a polite word for "westernising" — that to become more educated, more urban, more exposed to the wider world is, in effect, to become less authentically Hindu or Muslim. It's worth testing that assumption against what the evidence from Mauritius itself actually shows, because the picture turns out to be more interesting than the assumption allows.
A society built on proximity, not isolation
Mauritius is unusual among plural societies in just how closely its religious communities live, study, and work together. Hindus (roughly two in five Mauritians), Muslims, and Christians — the latter mostly Catholic and largely Creole or Franco-Mauritian — share schools, neighbourhoods, and workplaces as a matter of daily routine, not exception. Researchers studying adolescents from all three communities have found that Mauritian youth overwhelmingly hold a *dual* identity — strongly national and strongly ethnic or religious at the same time — rather than one crowding out the other. Mauritius is often cited internationally as a rare case of multiculturalism that has avoided the "parallel lives" problem seen in some Western societies, precisely because national belonging and religious belonging reinforce each other rather than compete.
That's the real starting point for any honest discussion of youth and faith here — not a simple story of one community's culture dissolving into another's.
What "modernisation" actually predicts — and what it doesn't
The idea that modernisation is essentially westernisation has real intellectual pedigree — versions of it run through dependency theory and various post-colonial critiques, which argue that "modern" institutions (schooling, media, urban life) carry an implicit Western cultural cargo wherever they spread, secularising and homogenising local traditions in the process. It's a serious argument, and not one to wave away.
But it's also a testable claim, and a recent study looking specifically at Mauritius put it to the test. Researchers examined whether standard "modernisation" markers — more years of education, greater material security, better neighbourhood conditions — actually predict secularisation across Mauritius's Christian, Hindu, and Muslim communities, the way conventional theory expects. They found that these variables had no consistent effect on religious belief or practice. In other words, becoming more educated or economically secure in Mauritius does not reliably track with becoming less religious — a finding that cuts against the idea that "modern" and "secular/Western" are simply two names for the same underlying process.
This matters for the youth-drift narrative specifically. If modernisation straightforwardly meant westernisation, and westernisation straightforwardly meant secularisation, we'd expect the most educated, most globally-connected young Hindus and Muslims to show the weakest religious identity. The Mauritian evidence doesn't support that.
What youth identity research actually finds, community by community
**Among Muslim youth**, one study on religious identity and wellbeing found Muslim participants reporting markedly *higher* religious participation than either Hindu or Catholic participants in the same sample — a pattern linked to the fact that most Muslim children attend madrasa alongside regular schooling. That institution functions as a sustained, parallel channel of religious formation running independently of who a child's friends happen to be.
**Among Hindu youth**, interviews conducted with young Mauritian Hindus describe something more like reinterpretation than abandonment. The generation now in their twenties increasingly identifies not as "Indian Hindus" but as "Mauritian Hindus" — a distinct, locally rooted identity rather than an imported or diluted one. Many maintain home shrines, observe major festivals, and actively discuss which customs (caste practices among them) they want to keep, adapt, or discard. That's a generation renegotiating its tradition on its own terms, not one being quietly replaced by someone else's culture.
In both cases, the pattern looks less like erosion by external contact and more like active, ongoing religious meaning-making — a process every tradition undergoes across generations, including Christianity, Judaism, and secular ideologies too.
Where real change does happen — and why it isn't simple loss
None of this means nothing changes. Young Hindus and Muslims in Mauritius do sometimes relax dietary rules, date outside religious sanction, or attend temple or mosque less regularly than their parents — and this happens in Catholic families too. Mauritius has documented, cross-community trends towards urbanisation and generational change that touch everyone, not one group alone.
But two things get lost when this is narrated as "westernisation corrupting tradition":
First, **Creole Catholic culture is not simply the liberal solvent dissolving everyone else's traditions.** It is its own tradition, with its own religious depth, family structures, and internal debates about morality — not a value-neutral stand-in for "the West."
Second, **treating change as something that happens *to* young people erases their own reasoning.** The Hindu youth interviews above are full of young adults actively arguing about which customs deserve to continue. That is agency, not absorption.
A more honest frame
The instinct to worry that one's children are losing themselves to a more permissive neighbouring culture is not unique to any one Mauritian community — it surfaces among Hindu, Muslim, and Christian elders alike, and it is a nearly universal feature of religious life in plural societies worldwide. What the Mauritian evidence suggests is that this anxiety runs ahead of the data: modernisation and westernisation are not the same process, exposure to plurality does not straightforwardly predict religious decline, and young Hindus and Muslims are, by and large, actively reworking their traditions rather than quietly abandoning them.
If Mauritius has something to teach the rest of the world about pluralism, it may be this: what determines whether a tradition survives contact with its neighbours has less to do with how much contact there is, and more to do with whether that tradition's own institutions and elders give young people real, adaptable reasons — understood on their own terms — to keep it alive.
*Sources: Study on religious identity and wellbeing in Mauritius (Discover Psychology, 2023); research on religious and national group identification among Mauritian adolescents; Hinduism Today interviews with young Mauritian Hindus; ScienceDirect study on existential security and secularisation in Mauritius (2026); Cultural Atlas and U.S. State Department religious demographic data.*
